1. EVALUATION OF GREEN MANURE PLANT TRIMINGS AS SUBSTRATES FOR OYSTER MUSHROOM PRODUCTION By AMOS NJAGI JOSIAH REGISTRATION NO: A138/10133/2007 Supervisor.Dr.J.W.Kimenju

2. 1.0.1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 Importance of mushroom Food Contains good proteins, vitamins (B1, B2, C) and minerals. Contain all essential amino acids and commonly occurring non-essential amino acids. Contain large amount of fiber and carbohydrates.

3. 1.0.1 Medicine Lower fungi yields important medicines like penicillin. statistics shows at least 106 medicinals contain Ganoderma, 43 Cordyceps and 7 shiitake. Diseases prevented by mushroom include – Heart &conary,Diabetes &Cancer

4. Uses cont 1. Soil bioremediation ability to degraded lignin as a major constituent of plant material 1. Income Market of medicinal of products from mushrooms in 1995 had turnover of 5-6 billion US Dollars 1.0.1

5. 1.0 Types of mushrooms There are 12,000 species of fungi considered as mushroom. 200 species have been collected from the wild and utilized. To date 35 mushroom species have been cultivated commercially and 20 are cultivated on an industrial scale.

6. 1.0.1 Problem Statement and justification Animal protein is unaffordable to most Kenyans who live below a dollar. Agricultural waste such as wood. Green manure trimming can cause enormous environmental pollution. High value food rich in protein and cheap to produce by low income farmers and good degrader of cellulose and lignin. The spent compost can be used as soil conditioners. Hence, the need to carry out the study.

7. 1.0.1 Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of green manure from various plant trimmings as substrate for oyster mushroom production

8. Materials & Methods Experiment was carried out at the field station, of upper Kabete campus, University of Nairobi, inside a house. Substrates,polythene bags,methylated spirits,cotton wool,plastic rings,table,water,spawn,labels,Autoclave sprayer and moist chamber

9. 3.3 Method/Treatment There were six treatments in the trial namely:1.Tithonia substrate 2, Lantana substrate,3 Caliandra substrate,4Napier substrate,5 Leucaena substrate and 6,Wheat straw (control). Trimings were cut into small portions and let to dry under cool condition and spread for proper aeration. Bagging in polytubes was done. Each bag contained 200g of dry substrates. Soaking was done.Water comprised of 65% while 35% was substrate.

10. Methodology cont.Spawned (inoculated) containers were put in the experimental site. Water spray using sprayer inside the house was done to maintain humidity for mushroom growth. Experiment was laid out in a complete randomized compete design with 3 replication

11. 3.3 Data collection The following data were collected:- Yield, Spawn run, Number of pinhead, Pin head abortion and Number of flushes DATA ANALYSIS Data was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Genstat mean separating software and parameters were separated and comparison made within the various treatments.

12. RESULTS NUMBER OF ABORTION: There was significant difference (P<0.05) for number of abortions within the various treatments (table 1). Grand mean 0.176 Table 1.0 (treatment means). Trt 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.00 0.261 0.159 0.00 0.00 0.638

13. ANOVA FOR SPOWN RUN There was significant difference (P<0.05) for spown run in all trts except trts 1 & 2(table1.1). treatment 6 ( had the highest number while trt 5 had the lowest. Grand mean 53.86 Trt 1 2 3 4 5 6 60.87 65.22 89.86 7.25 0.00 100.0 There was no significant difference between the means in the various replications

14. ANOVA FOR YIELD There was significant difference for the yield (P<0.05) in the trt6 displaying the highest mean while trt 1, 2 and 5 giving the lowest yield (table 1.2,). Grand mean 1.92 Trt 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.00 2.39 1.88 0.00 0.00 7.25 There was no significant difference between the means of the various replications

15. NUMBER OF FLUSHES There was significant difference (P<0.05)for the number of flashes in trt 6 giving the highest mean and trt 4, 1 and 5 giving the lowest mean. Grand mean 0.053 Trt 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.0 0.087 0.043 0.00 0.000 0.188 There was no significant difference between the replication means for the entire trial.

16. NUMBER OF MUSHROOMS Grand mean 0.053 Trt 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.0 0.087 0.043 0.00 0.00 0.188 There was a significant difference in the means of the trt 6 giving the highest number of mushrooms while trts 1, 4 and 5 giving the lowest means.

17. DISCUSSION Results indicate that the control trial was the best manure substrate for production of mushrooms. Results also indicate that green manure substrates made from tithonia, Napier and laucaena cannot support mushroom production Lantana camara and coliandra green manure can support mushroom production but to a small extent.

18. Discussion cont From the results Wheat straw favored full colonization of the substrate by mycelia., higher mushroom yields, a higher number of flushes, a higher number of spawn abortion and the highest number of spawn runs.

19. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Lantana was the best green manure substrate for the production of oyster mushrooms. Napier and leucaena green manure substrates could not support growth and production of oyster mushrooms.

20. Thank you ALL