1. Bellringer
Think about what you know about plants, and come up with as comprehensive a definition as possible.
Name me two very different plants. What makes them different?

2. Classification started in the 1700’s but there is still a lot of work to do!

3. Objective: To go through plants Agenda:
Bellringer
Notes
Start Tax WS 2 while work is passed back
Homework:
WS due next class

4. Plants

5. Characteristics of Plants
Eukaryotic
Multi-cellular
Non-motile
Autotrophic

6. 4 Different types of plants:
Mosses:
No vascular tissue
No seeds
No flower
Ferns:
Have vascular tissue
Gymnosperms (conifers):
Have vascular tissue
Have “naked” seeds in cones
No flower
Angiosperms(flowering plants):
Develop seeds in fruits from flowers

7. Land Plants

11. Adaptations of plants
Vascular tissue: tubes in plants through which water and sugars move
Xylem: carries water
Phloem: carries sugar
Conserving water:
Waxy outer covering called a cuticle
Stomata: holes in the cuticle through which CO2 can enter and O2 can leave

12. Seeds
A seed is an embryo surrounded by a food supply and protective coat
They have the following adaptations
Dispersal: seeds have mechanisms to be moved to new locations
Nourishment: contain a food supply
Dormancy: seeds may lie dormant for years waiting for proper condition

13. Flowers
Reproductive structures
Draw and label the parts of a flower

14. Pollination
Pollen is produced on the anther (a pollen grain has 2 sperm)
The pollen lands on the stigma
The pollen tube grows down to the ovule
One sperm nucleus fertilizes the egg and becomes the embryo
The other sperm nucleus fertilizes two extra nuclei in the ovule, developing into the endosperm
Endosperm: the nutrients which surround and feed the embryo

15. Fruit
A fruit is a mature ovary that contains one or more seeds (based on how many ovules the flower had)
It often provides more nourishment for the seed

16. Bellringer “There is fungus amongus”
How many ways can you think of that plants and fungi differ?
What is similar about them?

17. Agenda Objective: To introduce Fungus Agenda: Homework:
Bellringer/discussion
Notes
Grade WS
Homework:
N/A

18. Kingdom Fungi

19. Characteristics of Fungi
Eukaryotic
Mostly multi-cellular
NOT similar to the Plant Kingdom
Heterotrophic
Body made of long filamentous cells called hyphae
Has cell walls made of chitin (same as exoskeleton of insects)

20. Structural Info Hyphae grow into a tangled mass called a mycelium
When you see a mushroom, you are seeing the mycelium
Fungi is “eating” whatever it is growing on
Hyphae secrete enzymes that digest food outside the body, then absorb it
The above ground portion is only the reproductive structure

22. Mushrooms The reproductive structure Have gills under the mushroom cap
Gills have reproductive cells called basidia
Basidia produce spores which birth new mushrooms

23. Mushroom structure
CAP
STALK
GILLS

24. Reproduction in Fungi Each spore becomes a new individual
The spores can withstand a wide temperature/condition range, and will start growing when they land somewhere moist with food present
Air currents generally carry them

25. Mutualisms with fungus
Fungus form two important mutualisms with other organisms in nature:
Mycorrhizae: fungus grows around the roots of plants, and provides water & minerals while the plant gives sugar from photosynthesis

26. Cont’d Lichens: a fungus growing with an algae (or cyanobacteria)
Fungus absorbs water, algae makes sugar
able to grow in deserts and the arctic
Considered “environmental indicators” because they are sensitive to the pollutants in the atmosphere.
When they die, pollution is likely present