1. Biology 102B Fungi Notes

2. Journal 5 Why are algae of importance to all living things? Give at least three reasons.

3. Identify the basic characteristics of the Fungi kingdom. Live in wide range of environments Different colors and sizes Most are multicellular Why is it possible for fungi to live almost anywhere?

4. Common fungal structures. HYPHAE: thread-like structures which grow from spores MYCELIUM: network of hyphae CELL WALL: formed from chitin RHIZOID: rootlike structure formed by some hyphae (one) Label your mushroom

5. Types of fungal feeding. Decomposers: SAPROBES Absorb nutrients through mycelium Benefit to environment: keeping levels of dead material down (detritus) Harmful aspects: breaks down leather, molds grow on foods, spores cause disease Parasitic: feed on living hosts Examples: athlete’s foot, ringworm, nail fungus Mutualistic: benefit host Example: yeast used in food production

6. Fungal reproduction: Two types BUDDING: asexual reproduction Offspring grows out from parent’s body Example: yeast SPORES: lightweight reproductive cells dispersed by wind, water and animals Where does the mold come from on your bread??

7. Identify the 4 major phyla of the Fungi kingdom. Fungi are classified according to their method of reproduction. Phylum Zygomycotes: ZYGOSPORE FUNGI A. Produce thick-walled spores B. When germinated, they grow horizontally and downward C. Example: black bread mold

8. Fungal Phyla Phylum Ascomycete: SAC FUNGI A. Spores contained in sac- like structures B. Examples: molds, mildews Phylum Deuteromycotes: IMPERFECT A. molds that usually produce antibiotics, food flavorings B. No one has ever seen the reproductive cycle so they are grouped alone

9. Fungal Phyla Phylum Basiciomycota: CLUB FUNGI A. Produce club shaped hyphae B. Release spores C. Examples: mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, rusts and smuts

10. Club Fungi Structures CAP: top of mushroom GILLS: underneath cap, slits where spores are released STIPE: stalk-like structure MYCELIUM: root-like structures HYPHAE: tightly compacted, forms stipe and cap Label your mushroom!!!

11. Quiz 5 1.How are fungi classified? a. color b. movement c. reproduction 2.Fungi that break down dead material are classified as ? a. saprobes b. parasites c. mutualistic 3.Some fungi produce lightweight reproductive cells called ? a. gametes b. mycelium c. spores 4.The rootlike structures found in fungi are called? a. mycelium b. stipe c. rhizoid 5.The top of a mushroom is called? a. cap b. gills c. stipe