1. Effects of Tobacco Use

2. Nicotine Addictive drug – a substance that causes physiological or psychological dependence Stimulant – a drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs Raises blood pressure Increases heart rate Contributes to heart disease and stroke

3. Cigarette Smoke Cigarette Smoke is a Class A Carcinogen (EPA, 1992) Carcinogen – cancer-causing substance Tar A thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns Destroys cilia – tiny hairlike structures that line the upper airways and protect against infection Damages the alveoli (air sacs) – which absorb oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide Destroys lung tissue  More susceptible to diseases like bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema, and cancer Carbon Monoxide A colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas It is easier for blood to hold carbon monoxide instead of oxygen

4. Tar Coated Lung

5. Harmful Effects of Pipes and Cigars Cigars contain more nicotine and produce more tar and carbon monoxide than cigarettes Nicotine in 1 cigar = nicotine in 1 pack of cigarettes Increased risk of developing cancers of the lip, mouth, and throat

6. Harmful Effects of Smokeless Tobacco Smokeless tobacco – tobacco that is sniffed through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed NOT safe!!! – contain 28 carcinogens Delivers nicotine two to three the amount delivered by a single cigarette Dips/chew 8 to 10 = smoking 2 packs a day Leukoplakia – thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer Cancers – throat, larynx, esophagus, stomach, and pancreas

8. Short-Term Effects of Tobacco Use Changes in brain chemistry Increased respiration and heart rate Dulled taste buds and reduced appetite Bad breath and smelly hair, clothes, and skin

9. Long-term effects of tobacco use Chronic bronchitis Emphysema Lung cancer Coronary heart disease and stroke Constrict blood vessels Cuts down on circulation Plaque build up - Arteriosclerosis

10. Other consequences Legal consequences Social consequences Financial consequences

11. Reduced Tobacco Use Among Teens Antismoking campaigns Tobacco companies fund Financial cost Societal pressures Family influence

12. Benefits of Living Tobacco Free Lowers risk of lung cancer, heart disease, and stroke Improves cardiovascular endurance and lung function Not dependent on an addictive substance Less stress Helps a person look and feel better

13. Strategies for Preventing Use of Tobacco Choose friends who don’t use tobacco Avoid situations where tobacco products may be used Practice and use refusal skills – “I statement format skills” Continue to build Developmental Assets

14. Reasons to give up tobacco use Begin to have health problems Have the desire, will, and commitment It is too expensive Using tobacco can lead to other risky behaviors Learn the damaging effects

15. Stopping the Addiction Cycle Nicotine withdrawal – the process that occurs in the body when nicotine, an addictive drug, is no longer used Symptoms Irritability, difficulty, concentrating, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and cravings Nicotine substitute A product that delivers small amounts of nicotine into the user’s system while he or she is trying to give up the tobacco habit Nicotine gum/patch

17. Tips for Quitting Prepare for the day Get support Identify available health-related services Replace tobacco use with healthier alternatives Change daily behavior Engage in healthful behaviors

18. Risks for Smokers and Nonsmokers Environmental tobacco smoke – 2 nd hand smoke – air that has been contaminated by tobacco smoke Mainstream smoke – exhaled smoke Sidestream smoke – smoke from the burning end

19. Effects on Smoke on Nonsmokers Environmental tobacco smoke contains more than 4,000 different chemical compounds (43 carcinogens) Effects Eye irritation Headaches Ear infections Coughing Worsens asthma and other respiratory problems Lung cancer – 3,000 diagnosed/year

20. Effects on Unborn Children Nicotine passes through the placenta Constricts blood vessels of fetus Carbon monoxide reduces the oxygen levels Impaired fetal growth Miscarriage Prenatal death Premature delivery Low birth weight Deformities Stillbirths SIDS

21. Effects on Small Children Tend to have a higher incidence of sore throats, ear infections, and upper respiratory problems Double the risk of developing lung cancer

22. A Smoke-free society Taking steps to prohibit smoking in public places Non-smoking areas

23. Benefits of Quitting After 24 hours – your chance of a heart attack decreases After 48 hours – Nerve endings start repairing - your sense of smell and taste will improve Between 2-3 weeks – circulation improves, walking becomes easier, and lung function increases

24. Benefits of Quitting 1-9 months – you may notice improvements in these areas – coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue, and shortness of breath 1 year smoke-free – excess risk of coronary heart disease is reduced to half of that of a smoker 5 years – stroke risk is reduced to that of people who have never smoked

25. Benefits of Quitting 10 years – risk of lung cancer drops to ½ of smokers 10 years – risk of cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, bladder, kidney, and pancreas decreases Risk of ulcers decrease

26. Benefits of Quitting 15 years - Risk of Coronary Heart disease is the same as those who have never smoked 15 years - Risk of Death is nearly the level of those who have never smoked