1. 3D printing human tissues for medical, legal, and educational uses Jacques Eric Timothy Zaneveld Note: All models and images thereof were made by us

2. 3D Printing -Additive Manufacturing 3D Printing works by depositing tiny layers of material Any shape can be made on the same machine

3. 3D printing workflow: the hard part is getting a good computer model Raw Data Remove unwanted tissue Raw model Render in 3D Final model Artist cleanup 3D printing Physical model

4. Example project: Medical malpractice lawsuit Our client wanted an easily understood life sized model of a patient injury. The patient had a spinal chord constriction leading to him being paralyzed. We agreed to make models portraying the injury.

5. Raw Spine data - MRI

6. Bone was identified by hand

7. The low quality data (5mm slices) lead to a blocky model

8. A normal spine was fit to this data to generate the final model The model was cut in half, showing the constriction (below)

9. The constriction in the patient’s model was clearly visible. Patient spine Healthy spine

10. The final print clearly shows the injury

11. These models are being used in an ongoing lawsuit Each model was printed in two parts to allow easy viewing of both the interior and exterior.

12. Many designs, colors, and sizes of objects can be constructed We can customize everything to client specifications

13. Inputs: – Stacks of 2D images (dicom,.png,.bmp, etc) – Mesh files (.obj,.stl) – Matlab files / raw voxel data (.mat,.nii) – 3D modeling program outputs (.blend) Output: – Any size within 21cm X 21cm X 22cm – Any color (But only one color per piece) – Resolution: better than.06mm Input / output possibilities

14. Ongoing projects: Printing patient brain lesions and tumors Making models of developing babies from ultrasound data Making scientific equipment

15. Thanks!!! Please feel free to contact me: Jacques Eric Timothy Zaneveld Zaneveld@bcm.edu (541) 760-1805