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Richard L. Church University of California, Santa Barbara
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An “endangered” species is one that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range A “threatened” species is one that is likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future There exists a formal process to list a species as threatened or endangered 1351 domestic species on the T&E list (744 plants are plants) 811 species added in the last 20 years Lawsuit has been filed to add 681 species at once (WildEarth Guardians) 2
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Summary of Listed Species Listed Group United StatesForeign Total Listings (US and Foreign) US Listings with active Recovery Plans 3 Endang.Threat.TotalEndangeredThreatenedTotal Listings Mammals6912812562027635756 Birds751489179618527485 Reptiles13243766168211938 Amphibians1310238193217 Fishes746513911112151101 Clams628702027270 Snails6411751017669 Insects4710574046135 Arachnids120 000 6 Crustaceans19322000 18 Corals02200020 Animal Subtotal448159607527445711178495 Flowering Plants 570143713101714630 Conifers and Cycads 21302253 Ferns and Allies 24226000 Lichens20200022 Plant Subtotal598146744123747661 Grand Total104630513515284657419251156 as of 4/3/08 3
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One of many organizations that attempts to protect species of concern Purchases land and designs protection plans throughout the world For the US, their data set involves 2700 species of concern (imperiled or threatened) 5
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Where should we target protection for threatened and imperiled species? 9
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SSCP: species set covering problem Minimize the number of sites chosen (hexagons) in order to represent each G1 and G2 species at least once 10
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The Species Set Covering Problem: using coverage set notation More than 2700 constraints Optimization model contains more than 4500 sites and 2700 species, thus approximately 4500 X variables and 2700 constraints 11
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SSCP: results 12
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There are regions of hot spots, California, the Clinch River basin, Hawaii, Florida, Gulf region of Mississippi and Alabama Impacts due to Climate Change are not understood Considerable regional-wide efforts will need to be made in order to protect species at risk. In the next part of the talk, I will present an example for one such species, The San Joaquin Kit Fox 13
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