1. Monocots I.

3. Monocotyledons (Monocotyledonae, Monocots)
Monophyletic group
Comprise 22% of all angiosperms
Relationships to other “basal” angiosperms unclear at present

4. Apomorphies of the Monocots
Different stem vasculature
Parallel leaf venation
Single cotyledon
NOTE: a trimerous flower merosity is not a Monocot apomorphy

5. Apomorphies of the Monocots
Atactostele stem vasculature

6. Apomorphies of the Monocots
Parallel leaf venation (penni-parallel in some)

7. Apomorphies of the Monocots
Single cotyledon

9. Liliaceae - Lily family
Perennial
Usually bulbous herbs, lacking an onion-like odor
Basal or cauline leaves
Inflorescence a raceme, umbel or of solitary flowers
16 genera / ca. 600 species

10. Liliaceae

11. Liliaceae – herbaceous perennials

12. Bulbs

13. Lillium

14. Tulipa

15. Loculicidal capsule – common fruit type in the Lilliaceae

16. Maianthemum – False Solomon’s Seal

17. Eremocrinum albomarginatum (Sand Lily)

18. Lilium philadelphicum (Wood Lily)

19. Orchidaceae - Orchid family
Mycorrhizal, mostly perrennial, terrestrial or epiphytic herbs having trimerous flowers
Showy labellum
Androecium and gynoecium adnate
Pollinia - pollen grains fused into a 1-several masses
genera / ca. 20,000 species

20. Caladenia longiclavata Australia

21. labellum
column

22. Cattleya sp.

23. Cymbidium sp.

24. Cypripedium sp. Lady’s Slipper

25. Dendrobium phalaenopsis

26. Dracula chimaera
Dracula vampira

27. Encyclia sp. Cockleshell Orchid

28. Epidendrum sp.

29. Oncidium lanceanum

31. Pseudobulb

32. Stanhopea trigrinum

33. Thelymitra antennifera Australia

34. Vanilla planifolia Vanilla Orchid

36. Commelinid Monocots
Apomorphy: UV-fluorescent organic acids (including coumaric, diferulic, and ferulic acid) that impregnate the cell walls.

38. Arecaceae (Palmae) - Palm family
Rhizomatous, lianous, or usually arborescent stem
Large, sheathing, plicate leaves
Fleshy, usually drupaceous fruit, and seeds lacking starch
The plicate leaves is an apomorphy for the family.
190 genera / ca. 2,000 species.

39. Arecaceae – Palm Family

40. Fruit a drupe

41. Archontophoenix cunnighamiana King Palm

42. Syagrus romanzoffianum Queen Palm

43. Calamus Rattan Palm

44. Chamaerops humilis Mediterranean Palm

45. Licuala peltata

46. Nypa fruticans - a rhizomatous palm

47. Phoenix canariensis
Canary I. Palm

48. Phoenix dactylifera
Date Palm

49. Sabal urseana

50. Washingtonia filifera Desert Fan Palm

51. Washingtonia filifera Desert Fan Palm

52. Washingtonia robusta
Zombia antillarum

53. Bromeliaceae - Bromeliad family
Perrenial terrestrial or epiphytic herbs or shrubs with surface peltate scales,
Colorful bracts
Trimerous flowers with typically twisted stigmas.
P 3+3 or (3)+(3) A G 3, superior or inferior.
59 genera / 2,400 species

54. Peltate scales

55. Peltate scales
fr. Pierce, 2006

56. Twisted Styles

57. Aechmea

58. Ananas comosus Pineapple

63. Dyckia dawsonii

64. Neoregalia

66. Tillandsia fasciculata

67. Tillandsia usneoides Spanish moss