1. First Grade Unit Three: Using Thomas Jefferson, Lewis & Clark, Sacagawea, & Harriet Tubman to teach about CHANGE Sarah Blascovich Brown Teacher on Assignment

2. Some things you’ll find in Unit Three

3. Unit Three’s Historical Figures Key things students need to know: Jefferson was a president. Jefferson is credited with authoring the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson sent Lewis & Clark west to explore the Louisiana Purchase. Key things students need to know: Lewis and Clark worked together to explore the Louisiana Purchase territories. Lewis and Clark would probably not have been successful without the help of Sacagawea. The trip was long and difficult, but the things they learned were very helpful, and Americans enjoyed knowing more about the newest parts of their country.

4. Unit Three’s Historical Figures Key things students need to know: Sacagawea had to do difficult things when she traveled through the Louisiana Purchase with Lewis and Clark. Although they could not have succeeded without Sacagawea, very little is known about her. Sacagawea was clearly very intelligent – she spoke many languages, knew a great deal about the land around her, and was able to guide Lewis and Clark even though she was young. Key things students need to know: Harriet Tubman worked to free others from slavery. Because she lived in Maryland, she was able to help others more easily. Harriet Tubman also spoke to large audiences to convince them that slavery was wrong.

5. Resources (Thomas Jefferson): Monticello – his home in Virginia: http://www.monticello.org http://explorer.monticello.org/index.html (virtual tour w/narration!) http://www.monticello.org http://explorer.monticello.org/index.html Official White House biography: http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/tj3.html http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/tj3.html Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence: http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/jefferson/jeffdec.html http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/jefferson/jeffdec.html Declaration of Independence at the National Archives: http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration.html http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration.html Declaration regarding the Louisiana Purchase: http://www.archives.gov/education/exhibit/jefferson.html http://www.archives.gov/education/exhibit/jefferson.html

6. Resources (Meriwether Lewis & William Clark): Discovering Lewis & Clark (more than you ever wanted to know): http://www.lewis-clark.org/ http://www.lewis-clark.org/ PBS’s site related to their television program: http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/ http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/ National Geographic’s information: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/lewisandclark/ http://www.nationalgeographic.com/lewisandclark/ Journals from the Expedition: http://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/ http://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/ Games & activities from the National Park Service: http://www.nps.gov/archive/jeff/LewisClark2/Activities&Kids/ActivitiesAndKidsMain.htm http://www.nps.gov/archive/jeff/LewisClark2/Activities&Kids/ActivitiesAndKidsMain.htm

7. Resources (Sacagawea): Background information for the teacher from PBS: http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/inside/saca.html http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/inside/saca.html From the National Park Service: http://www.nps.gov/archive/jeff/lewisclark2/corpsofdiscovery/theothers/civilians/Sacagawea.htm http://www.nps.gov/archive/jeff/lewisclark2/corpsofdiscovery/theothers/civilians/Sacagawea.htm Excerpts from the journals relating to her (only written historical record): http://www.mathcs.bethel.edu/~gossett/DiscreteMathWithProof/sacajawea/quotes.html http://www.mathcs.bethel.edu/~gossett/DiscreteMathWithProof/sacajawea/quotes.html Interesting information for teachers: http://www.lemhi-shoshone.com/index.html http://www.lemhi-shoshone.com/index.html

8. Resources (Harriet Tubman): National Archives stories: http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/aa/activists/tubman http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/aa/activists/tubman Underground Railroad interactive activity from National Geographic: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/railroad/j1.html http://www.nationalgeographic.com/railroad/j1.html Memorial article from Auburn, NY newspaper: http://www.harriettubman.com/memoriam2.html http://www.harriettubman.com/memoriam2.html Background biographical information from PBS: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1535.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1535.html Harriet Tubman timeline: http://www.math.buffalo.edu/~sww/0history/hwny-tubman.html http://www.math.buffalo.edu/~sww/0history/hwny-tubman.html

9. Literacy Resources: Thomas Jefferson’s Feast, written by Frank Murphy. Discusses Jefferson’s inventions and “discoveries,” mostly in terms of food! Fun for students to see some of his “other” contributions to our country. Thomas Jefferson, written by Cheryl Harness. Handles may aspects of Jefferson’s life and legacy, with excellent photos and documents included. Sacagawea, written by Lise Erdrich. A Picture Book of Thomas Jefferson, written by David Adler.

10. Literacy Resources: A Picture Book of Lewis & Clark, by David A. Adler. How We Crossed the West: The Adventures of Lewis & Clark, by Rosalyn Schanzer. (National Geographic) Lewis and Clark: A Prairie Dog for the President, by Shirley Raye Redmond Here is a link to a Lewis & Clark booklist compiled by a librarian: http://www.elmhurstpubliclibrary.org/kids/ki dsbooklists/lewisandclarkbooklist.pdfhttp://www.elmhurstpubliclibrary.org/kids/ki dsbooklists/lewisandclarkbooklist.pdf. Here is a link to a Lewis & Clark booklist compiled by a librarian: http://www.elmhurstpubliclibrary.org/kids/ki dsbooklists/lewisandclarkbooklist.pdfhttp://www.elmhurstpubliclibrary.org/kids/ki dsbooklists/lewisandclarkbooklist.pdf.

11. Literacy Resources: Moses: When Harriet Tubman Led Her People to Freedom, by Carole Boston Weatherford Escape North: The Story of Harriet Tubman, by Monica Kulling Minty: A Story of Young Harriet Tubman, by Alan Schroeder Harriet Tubman, by Will Mara. (Check the library – many media specialists order the Rookie Readers series.)

12. Teaching Unit Three:  Individuals, Groups, & Institutions:  Contributions of Jefferson, Lewis & Clark, Sacagawea, Tubman  Impact of these individuals’ choices & decisions on America  Relate back to students’ own choices & decisions  Location  Review ways that geography impacts students’ lifestyle  Discuss how Lewis, Clark, & Sacagawea’s journey impacted America (use a map!)  Discuss how where Jefferson & Tubman lived impacted their lives and decisions

13. Teaching Unit Three:  Scarcity  Review the concept of scarcity  Discuss classroom/school examples of scarcity  Identify what resources were scarce for each of the historical figures  Discuss ways that the figures handled that scarcity  Time, Change, and Continuity  Compare lives of historical figures to students’ lives  Identify cultural characteristics that are the same and different as during the lives of the historical figures  Discuss how our country has changed from Thomas Jefferson’s time to today