1. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 Overview of accelerators for EURISOL Alberto Facco (INFN-LNL) on behalf of the EURISOL DS Accelerator Tasks Participants and contributors: INFN-Legnaro, IPN Orsay, CEA Saclay, SOREQ NRC, TRIUMF, GANIL, Frankfurt University, LMU, LPCCaen.

2. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 EURISOL Accelerators –Proton Driver: it must deliver the high power primary beam used for RIB production in the dedicated RIB target sources –Post-accelerator: it must bring the low power Radioactive Ion Beam to the different experimental points, at the required energy (from a few keV to 150 MeV/u) –the accelerator specifications are determined by technical and experimental requirements coming from RIB sources, RIB preparation apparati, RIB intensity calculations and from the final users –Both accelerators are Superconducting and present challenges that are at the frontier of the present accelerator technology

3. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 The EURISOL facility Driver Post-Accelerator Beam preparation RIB production

4. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 Proton Accelerator The baseline driver-beam options: – 1 GeV, 4 MW protons on a neutron converter target – 1 GeV, 100 kW protons on a direct target Additional options : – 2 GeV 3 He ++ on a direct target – 125 A MeV heavy-ion beam with A/Q = 2 – 250 MeV deuterium driver beam (converter option) – multi-user operation Collaborators: INFN-LNL, IPNO, CEA, SOREQ, TRIUMF

5. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 Baseline scheme with extended capabilities 2 injection lines for H,D, He and A/q=2 ions SARAF scheme up to 60 MeV/q IPNO scheme from 60 to 140 MeV/q CEA scheme from 140 to 1000 MeV/q cw beam splitting at 1 GeV Total length of the linac: ~240 m H- H+,D+, 3 He ++ RFQ 176 MHz HWR 176 MHz 3-SPOKE 352 MHz Elliptical 704 MHz 4 MW H- 100 kW H+, 3 He 2+ 1.5 MeV/u 60 MeV/q 140 MeV/q 1 GeV/q B stripper foil stripper >200 MeV/q D, A/q=2  =0.47  =0.3  =0.09  =0.15  =0.65  =0.78 10 36316397

6. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 LEBT source 1 (TRIUMF-type) –H - 5 mA –D - 5 mA source 2 (commercial ECR) –H + 5 mA –D + 5 mA – 3 He ++ 0.1 mA Schematic of the modified SARAF injector Modified SARAF-type scheme, with confluence of 2 lines Beam energy: 20 keV/u Heavy Ion beams with A/q  2 (up to Calcium) also possible with last generation ECR sources

7. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 RFQ and low-  section SARAF-type176 MHz RFQ Ein= 20 keV/u, Eout=1.5 MeV/u The SARAF-NTG RFQ 176 MHz low-  Superconducting Half-Wave Resonators Ein=1.5 MeV/u, Eout =60 MeV/u

8. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 II (Medium-low  ) ~60  140 MeV/q III (Medium-  ) ~140  ~300 MeV/q IV (High-  ) ~300  1000 MeV/q –Resonators prototypes developed by EURISOL DS participants –A/q  2 up to ~250 MeV/q, and A/q  1.5 up to ~1 GeV/q schematic of the elliptical 5-cell cryomodule IPNO-CEA-INFN 5-cell cavity IPNO cryostat design and SPOKE resonators

9. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 60 MeV Error analysis - d no losses (intermediate design)

10. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 60 MeV Error analysis - p no losses (intermediate design)

11. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 Deuteron extraction Deuteron extraction can be achieved at 125 MeV/q by replacing one medium-  cryomodule with a dipole Negligible D - neutralization at this energy The H - and 3 He ++ beam transport is not affected by this modification Feasibility demonstrated, final layout still under study D extraction section layout normalized rms emittance 4 MeV -2 GeV 3 He beam

12. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 EURISOL 1 GeV Multiple Extraction 3 splitting stations for cw proton beams 4 simultaneous users : 1  4 MW 3  0  100 kW EURISOL parallel cw Proton extraction

13. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 New 1 GeV proton beam splitter new splitter for high power, cw proton beams it allows parallel extraction to different targets no choppers nor kickers finely adjustable beam intensity in the secondary lines low beam losses See dedicated talk by R. Paparella today 10:10

14. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 SARAF 0  5 MeV section commissioning at SOREQ (model for the low-  section of the EURISOL Driver)

15. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 SARAF injector - SOREQ NRC

16. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 The SARAF SC HWRs and Solenoids mounting

17. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 SARAF LEBT – emittance measurement

18. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 SARAF - protons emittance preliminary results

19. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 SARAF - deuterons emittance preliminary results

20. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 Proton Accelerator design scheme defined New, cost effective, baseline design with extended Driver capabilities New beam splitter design that allows multiple users of high power, cw proton beams New design requirements from physics tasks fulfilled Task 7 main achievements Summary

21. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 Target-ion sources Pre-separators, beam gates Ion cooling and bunching High-resolution separators Charge breeding: EBIS and ECR q/m selection Electrostatic deflection to Post-acceleration and Experimental areas Beam preparation A. Jokinen talk tomorrow 12:15 Primary beams from Driver

22. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 Heavy-Ion Accelerator Collaborators: GANIL, Frankfurt University, IPNO, LMU, INFN-LNL, LPCCaen New specifications: 1.3 separate post-accelerators for radioactive Heavy Ion beams: VLE (<1 MeV/u - to the Physics and Instrumentation Task) LE (1-5 MeV/u), and HE (150 MeV/u) to Task 6 2.The Beta-beam injector will be a separate machine, studied outside Task 6 3.No stripping foils for normal use but only as an option for physics applications

23. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 SPIRAL-2 philosophy : Smoothest beam dynamics (regular FDO lattice, low number of  -sections), Modular solution and simple cryostats, Separated vacuum (safety with FP), Warm focusing (easier for alignement), Possibility to insert diagnostics at each period, ease of tuning Main technical requirements: Only 2-gap cavities (high q/A acceptance) Max. accelerating fields 7.8 MV/m Nominal operation for A/Q between 4 and 8 Design of the HE post-accelerator

24. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 β=0.07 88 MHz β=0.12 88 MHz SPIRAL-2 88 MHz QWRs

25. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 Normal conducting RFQ injector length3 m frequency104 MHz m/q  6.3 Voltage  60 kV (9.5 kV *m/q) Q-value5750 Shunt impedance 168 k  *m W in 2.5 keV/u W out 300 keV/u New NC RFQ for EURISOL under design, based on the MAFF technology MAFF RFQ Injector under testing at the MAFF test stand LEBT tank SteererQuads ion source MAFF RFQ See next talk by H.Zimmermann

26. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 Superconducting RFQ injector The superconducting RFQs in LNL are now in operation on the PIAVE injector Some beam parameter measurements have been performed To account for the lower voltage (20 kV instead of 350) of the EURISOL post-accelerator injector platform, a third RFQ (NC) is required. This RFQ is under design. Transverse emittance measurement Energy at the end of PIAVE ε norm x RMS (mm.mrad) ε norm y RMS (mm.mrad) 0.58 MeV / u0.1000.103 1.2 MeV / u0.2000.125 RMS 2.5 cm Shaper 67.4 cm Prebuncher 62.0 cm Booster 28.2 cm Adiabatic Buncher 19.7 cm Accelerator 17.9 cm Envelopes of the new RFQ, based on the 4vane Spiral2 design PIAVE LNL PIAVE RFQ

27. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 Solution I : Travelling wave chopper Description :  Association of a static B-field steerer and a 100-Ω stripline : - Beam always deflected by the B-field, - HV pulse in the stripline allows one bunch to pass  Duty cycle 90 % !),  Power consumption < 5 kW,  Power losses < 400 W per plates,  No pulse, no beam in the LINAC. Limitations :  Coverage Factor < 75 %,  Present max. power dissipation per ceramic plate electrode :100 W (SPL),  Pulser : High Voltage < 2 kV @ Duty Cycle < 1 %,  Attenuation & overshoot of the pulse along its propagation (effects on the deflection ?),  Effect of the E- and B-field superposition on the beam emittance ? Status : under development. Physicists requirements Chopper specifications Suppressed bunches > 90 % Max. bunches rate after chopper : 1/10 Rise/fall times : 6 ns Angle deflection : 11 mrad Max. high voltage (HV) : 2.5 kV Travelling-wave chopper

28. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 E-field Beam C-types small electrodes + HV - HV C-type scheme Solution II : C-type chopper C-type chopper Description :  Electrode divided in small plates driven by fast switchers. Limitations :  Present max. power dissipation into commercial switches : around 1kW (water cooled),  Effective total capacitance (plates, connections, switch) ≈ 70 pF,  Many feedthroughs (vacuum ?),  Max repetition rate of switches < 1 MHz @ 2.5 kV  One switch per plate,  No pulse, all the beam in the LINAC. Status : under study. Perspective  Full beam dynamic studies,  Development & test of a TW 100-Ω stripline,  Tests of pulse generators. C-type chopper

29. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 Beam Dynamics – Design without strippers Simulation results Phase space and beam distribution at the end of the linac Beam envelopes No emittance increase No halo increase No losses All user requirements are reached, except the <0,1% energy spread. Optimization still in progress to reach this goal

30. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 Post-Accelerator Beam Dynamics results LINAC - Length 206 m - Number of cavities 276 (QWR, HWR, Spokes) - Energy (150 MeV/u for 132 Sn 25+ ), energy spread, time width, efficiency, emittance, losses…: physicists’ request are reached (except ΔE/E for low energy (5MeV) output). QWR steering effect - Calculations and simulations have been done for this QWR specific issue with 3D E,B maps. - This effect has a no negligible impact but can be corrected by steerers After correction : Emittance growth : 20 % Y shift ~0 mm - Chopper ON: 100 % of particle bunch stopped - Chopper OFF: <2% losses in the slits - Good matching MEBT - LINAC for 132 Sn - Emittance growth due to ideal E + B fields seems to be negligible - Emittance growth due to real E + B fields under study MEBT with chopper + LINAC - Two strippers - LINAC length: 33% less than without strippers, but complementary devices are needed for beam dynamics purpose. - Efficiency: 15%, 70% with multicharge transport (not touch an go) - 0 losses in SC LINAC impossible -… under study Stripping option

31. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 Design and beam dynamics validation of the SC linac, based on the SPIRAL2 technology. Requirements (except for  E/E<1%) reached without strippers NC RFQ and injector under the first beam tests at Frankfurt Univ. SC RFQ and injector tested on PIAVE facility – Adaptation to EURISOL under design High frequency chopper under design – Prototype to be ordered at the end of 2007 Task 6 main achievements Summary

32. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 Task 8 – SC cavity development Objectives: –design, fabricate and test fully equipped superconducting cavities (following the recommendations of the proton driver group and the heavy ion accelerator group) –study, build and test at 4.2 K a complete cryomodule, as they are foreseen to be used in the Eurisol driver or heavy ion linac. Collaborators: IPNO, INFN-LNL

33. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 Task 8 mandate : "Study at first priority the technical open problems related to the construction of complete cryomodules" SC Resonator Cold tuning system RF amplifier RF power coupler Vacuum tank Cold box SC CavitiesRF systemsCryogenics Operational SC Cryomodule

34. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 Half Wave Resonator development @ LNL 2 prototypes at  =0.17 and  =0.31 and 352 MHz fabricated and successfully tested at 4.2 K. The same design, by simply doubling the cavity length, leads to  =0.09 and  =0.16 resonators suitable for the low-  section of the Driver linac. HWR tuner

35. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 Spoke cavities development @ IPN Orsay 2 prototypes at  =0.15 and  =0.35 fabricated and successfully tested at 4.2 K. This technology is the basis for the 3-Spoke required by the Driver linac Spoke cavity tuner

36. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 Triple Spoke cavity development @ IPN Orsay A preliminary RF design for beta 0.49 exists and an adaptation to the optimum beta for the Eurisol linac is in progress

37. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 Solid state amplifier development @ Legnaro Modular mosfet technology with low-cost circulators included, developed at Orsay and Legnaro, unconditionally stable Design, construction and test of 3, solid state RF amplifiers @ 352 MHz First amplifier 5 kW Constructed & tested Second amplifier 10 kW Third amplifier 10 kW 330 W Modules Constructed & tested under construction

38. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 IPN Orsay : Power coupler design for Spoke & HWR 3 units fabricated High power test autumn 2007 broadband Nominal power : up to 12 kW Design power : 20 kW Capacitive coupling for CW operation Maximum reflection coefficient : S 11 < -35 dB Window cooling capabilities Relatively simple design for reliability and cost reasons same design for spoke and half-wave resonators

39. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 Cryomodule development 1st test (low power) in july 2007 with  =0.15 spoke cavity equipped with tuner: validation of the tuner and cryogenic performances

40. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007  =0.17 and 0.31, 352 MHz Superconducting Half Wave Resonator (HWR) designed, constructed and tested;  =0.15 and 0.35, 352 MHz Superconducting Single Spoke Resonator designed, constructed and tested; Triple Spoke Resonator under development Cold tuning system and Power coupler for both cavity types designed and constructed, under testing Solid state RF amplifiers: 5 kW and 1° 10 kW prototypes designed, constructed and tested; 2° 10 kW unit under construction Cryomodule development: Test cryostat constructed and low-power tested with a fully equipped Spoke cavity Task 8 main achievements Summary

41. A. FaccoJoint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting Helsinki, 17-9-2007 Conclusions The EURISOL accelerators design and the R&D in critical components are progressing. A large amount of studies, prototypes and new ideas have been produced within the EURISOL DS accelerator tasks framework Significant improvements were introduced in comparison with the old design, both in the Driver and in the Post-Accelerator The path to fulfill all the accelerator requirements is traced in a large part Hard work will be still necessary to complete the design, especially in the accelerator- sources interface: it is time to converge!