1. THE NEW IMMIGRANTS Sec. 20-1 Pages 582-587 Define: emigrate – ethnic group – steerage – sweatshop – assimilate – nativist- quota Identify: Emma Lazarus – Chinese Exclusion Act – “Gentlemen’s Agreement” - Immigration Act of 1917

2. A FLOOD OF IMMIGRANTS OLD IMMIGRANT NEW IMMIGRANT Northern – western Europe Protestant Spoke English Skilled worker – had trades Somewhat educated Before 1880s Southern – eastern Europe Catholics, Jews Spoke little English Few skills -uneducated Brought new religious beliefs Unfamiliar language Different customs Italians, Greeks, Russians, Mexicans, Chinese, Japanese 1880s and after

3. Leaving trouble behind People emigrated (left their homeland) due to: Economic troubles Italy & Hungary – overcrowded, poverty Croatia & Serbia – could not own enough land - Sweden & Ireland – crop failures, no land for Catholics New machinery put craft workers out of work Persecution of ethnic groups (minorities that spoke different language - different customs ) Escaped from discrimination of unfair laws US – seen as land of jobs –opportunities of better life- affordable land

4. SUMMARIZE Describe the new immigrant to the US in the late 1880s Define: emigrate Define : Ethnic group

5. JOURNEY TO AMERICA Traveled long ocean voyages – in steerage (cramped, noisy quarters on lower deck of ship) Landed at New York City – greeted by Statue of Liberty – gift from France Emma Lazarus – poet – “Give me your tired, your poor…” 1892- Ellis Island – center of processing immigrants from Europe Angel Island – San Francisco Bay –immigrants from Asia Recorded name – native country – occupation – relatives? – given health exam Greatest challenge – finding work – some organizations helped bring unskilled workers to Unload cargo – dig ditches – steel mills Work in sweatshops ( dark, crowded garment workshops where work was hazardous, pay low – hours long)

6. Statue of Liberty Official dedication ceremonies held on Thursday, October 28, 1886 There are 154 steps from the pedestal to the head of the Statue of Liberty There are seven rays on her crown, one for each of the seven continents At the feet of the Statue lie broken shackles of oppression and tyranny. During the restoration completed in 1986, the new torch was carefully covered with thin sheets of 24k gold The exterior copper covering of the Statue of Liberty is 3/32 of an inch thick (less than the thickness of two pennies) and the light green color (called a patina) is the result of natural weathering of the copper

7. IMMIGRANTS Immigrants wanted to assimilate (become part of American culture) –yet keep aspects of own culture. Parents still spoke native language at home – children learned English at school – taught parents. Women’s roles in US will be changing from native country role. Settled in industrial cities – no money to buy farmland – worked as unskilled laborers Formed communities of similar ethnic group ( Little Italy – Chinatown, ) – kept traditions of native country ( religion, newspapers, social clubs)

8. SUMMARIZE Vocab term that means cramped, noisy quarters on lower deck of ship. What two areas were known as processing areas for immigrants? What is assimilate? Define: Sweatshop

9. NATIVIST MOVEMENT Some Americans hired immigrants – paid low wages Others resented immigrants – feared American jobs would be lost – pay would go down Nativist (person whose belief that those born in a country are superior to immigrants) movement began – blame immigrants for increasing crime, unemployment, etc.

10. IMMIGRATION LAWS Chinese Exclusion Act 1882- prohibit Chinese workers from entering US for 10 years Renewed in 1892 – 1902 “Gentlemen’s Agreement” 1907 - Pres. Roosevelt will have Japan set quota ( limit number) immigrants to US

11. IMMIGRATION ACT 1917 1917 – Immigration Act – immigrants must pass a literacy requirement Immigrants Protective League – formed by Grace Abbot - Julie Lathrop – supported immigrants – newcomers could provide contributions

12. SUMMARIZE Vocab term that means a belief that those born in a country are superior to immigrants. What two laws prevented immigrants to come to the US in the early 1900s ? What did the Immigration Act of 1917 require ?