1. Fakulteit Ingenieurswese  Faculty of Engineering Eskom Chair of CSP at Stellenbosch University Prof. Dr.-Ing. Frank Dinter 27 August 2013

2. Existing knowledge on Solar Thermal Energy Prof. Dr.-Eng. Frank Dinter since June 2013 in STERG Former Technical Director of Andasol 3, Spain and Head of Solar at RWE Innogy, Germany 2 Andasol 3: Facts & Figures  Owner: Marquesado Solar S.L. Location: Aldeire/La Calahorra (Granada, Spain)  Capacity: 50 MW el Forecasted electricity production: ~200 GWh/a  Commissioning in autumn 2011 Annual CO 2 savings: 150,000 tonnes  Size of the collector area: ~ 500,000 m²  Technology: Parabolic trough incl. 7.5h molten salt storage

3. 3 Source: DLR The main advantage of CSP technology against other RES as PV or wind power is the capability to provide dispatch-able power by storing solar energy through thermal energy storage Flexible and predictable electricity generation Dispatch-able Energy Existing knowledge on Solar Thermal Energy

4. Solar thermal history at SU 4 Research and academic committee representative 1980 - 19891990 - 19992000 – 20092010 - SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY RESEARCH GROUP Solar resource station at SU Solar chimney research at SU commences Dry cooling research at SU commences Solar roof lab commissioned National SANERI/DST RE centre founded First Parabolic Trough Research SANERI/DST Solar thermal spoke & Hope project Sasol researcher

5. STERG acceleration 5 2010 7 – 15 people 2011 ~ 30 people 2012 ~ 45 people 2013 – ~ 60 (75) people SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY RESEARCH GROUP Solar resource station at SU Solar roof lab expansion (with tower, kiln, etc) NRF solar thermal spoke 2013 - 17 Sasol 40 m 2 heliostat field Eskom chair and centre of excellence

6. STERG infrastructure & resources Staff: 8+ (Eskom/Sasol researchers, administrative, engineering and technical support) 1,000 m 2 solar roof laboratory, staff office, workshop & control room 18 m lattice tower (multi-use) 600 °C,1.5 m 3 packed bed storage rig & 1,200 °C kiln Solar resource station with free web download (K&Z full tracker and shadow ring) ADA Solar water heating test facility 25 kWe Eskom McDonnel Douglas Stirling Dish Key SW: TRNSYS, Matlab, Flownex, Fluent & open source. Primary Grants: DST/NRF solar thermal spoke, Sasol Sr Researcher, Eskom Chair, SU Hope project, NRF THRIP. 6

7. STERG R&D overview 7 Italics: On-going R&D System R&D Systems analysis | Plant thermodynamic models | Techno-economic analysis | Plant concepts & design System R&D Systems analysis | Plant thermodynamic models | Techno-economic analysis | Plant concepts & design Dry Cooling Dry | Hybrid | Diurnal etc Dry Cooling Dry | Hybrid | Diurnal etc Heat Transfer Fluids & Storage CO 2 | Air | NaK | Salt | Rock | Metal PCM Heat Transfer Fluids & Storage CO 2 | Air | NaK | Salt | Rock | Metal PCM Heliostats & Receivers Control | Drives | Optics | Field | Heat Transfer Heliostats & Receivers Control | Drives | Optics | Field | Heat Transfer Solar Resource R&D Satellite | Ground Solar Resource R&D Satellite | Ground SUNSTEL (SU Solar Thermal Electricity Project) (Primary technologies: SUNSPOT, LFR, Dish) SUNSTEL (SU Solar Thermal Electricity Project) (Primary technologies: SUNSPOT, LFR, Dish) Other Better SWH | Coal power augmentation | other… Other Better SWH | Coal power augmentation | other… STERG – Solar Thermal Energy Research Group Physical, Social, Mathematical, Political, Statistical Sciences, Geography, Philosophy, etc. Engineering (ME, EE, others)

8. 8 STERG Group at SU  A good base with own labs  Moving forward by improving methods and understanding the technology more deeply  Growing networking in SA and worldwide (SASTELA, SASEC, SolarPACES, DLR, Sandia, NREL, etc.)  Reducing costs, increasing efficiency and reliability in CSP technology  Strengthening our relationship to CSIR  Joining and enabling other SA universities in doing more CSP R&D  Supporting national solar R&D plans (roadmaps and centres)  Contract R&D for clients and commercialization Strategic activities at STERG

9. 9 Specific technology focus on:  Central Receiver Systems with different Heat Transfer Fluids (e.g. liquid salt, liquid metals and air)  Parabolic Trough and Fresnel with liquid salt  Thermal Energy Storage Systems with different HTF  Component development in Solar fields (Heliostats and Trough)  Optimization on Balance of Plant (Equipment and Process)  Technical and economical evaluation of CSP technologies Potential future strategic focus areas

10. 10 View to the world:  SA is one of the best sun spots in the world  Current situation in Europe and US gives SA a chance to catch up  CSP can deliver dispatch-able energy and support SA electricity production reliably  Creating new jobs for new talents for a CSP rollout in SA and worldwide  CSP awareness is improving in government Outlook

11. www.sun.ac.za/STERG e-mail: frankdinter@sun.ac.za Thank you for your attention