1. Challenges of Technology Transfer: from Research to Implementation Norman C. Leppla University of Florida Dept. of Entomology and Nematology

2. Inventions or Discoveries 1. Machinery 2. Manufactured Articles 3. Chemical Compositions 4. Processes 5. Organisms

3. Augmentative Biological Control 1. Rearing and Handling Equipment 2. Materials for Manipulating Organisms 3. Diets and Processing Chemicals 4. Rearing and Application Methods 5. Specific Uses for Natural Enemies

4. Technology Transfer for Publicly-Funded Biological Control Products Public Domain Patented Market Analysis Feasibility Study Market Analysis Financing Appropriation Product Development License for Commercial Product Entrepreneur/ Company Government Institution Entrepreneur/ Company Customers Client Group

5. Direct Implementation by Entrepreneur/Company

11. Implementation by Government Institution

16. Implementation by License on Patent

23. Technology Transfer for Publicly-Funded Biological Control Products Public Domain Patented Market Analysis Feasibility Study Market Analysis Financing Appropriation Product Development License for Commercial Product Entrepreneur/ Company Government Institution Entrepreneur/ Company Customers Client Group

24. Conclusion 1. Research Teams Versus Solo 2. Financial Support for R&D 3. Practical Technology 4. Effective Against Pest 5. High Benefit/Cost 6. Safe for the Environment