1. Does Your Mother Know? Parent-adolescent communication from a developmental, bidirectional and contextual perspective. Loes Keijsers

3. Moffitt, 1993 Late start Minor delinquency Common

4. Dissertation Can (changes in) communication of adolescents and parents explain why many adolescents engage in minor delinquency? – Longitudinal studies – Today: some findings highlighted

5. Theoretical background Parental monitoring Adolescent delinquency Glueck & Glueck, 1950; Patterson & Reid,1982; Loeber & Stoethamer-Loeber, 1986

6. Kerr & Stattin, 2000; Stattin & Kerr, 2000

7. Reinterpretation of Monitoring Parental monitoring Adolescent delinquency Parental monitoring Adolescent delinquency Adolescent disclosure Glueck & Glueck, 1950; Patterson & Reid,1982; Loeber & Stoethamer-Loeber, 1986 Reinterpretation: Kerr & Stattin, 2000; Stattin & Kerr, 2000

8. Dissertation Replication in Dutch sample Open questions: Directionality of effects Developmental changes Relationship context One of the first longitudinal studies on this issue

9. Bidirectionality

10. QUESTION: Can disruptions in or absence of parent-child communication about adolescent daily activities explain increases in minor delinquency, or vice versa?

11. 14 years 15 years Delinquency Adolescent Adolescent Disclosure Delinquency Adolescent Adolescent Disclosure -.14 -.11 Keijsers, L., et al. (2010). Reciprocal effects (...). Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20, 88-113. -.32

12. Parental Monitoring Adolescent Disclosure Adolescent Delinquency

13. Parental Monitoring Adolescent Delinquency Adolescent Disclosure

14. Adolescent Delinquency Parent-child variable Orientation at Deviant Peers Prohibition of Friendships & Parental Control by Mothers and Fathers Keijsers, L., et al. (2012). Forbidden Friends as Forbidden Fruit (...). Child Development, 83, 651-666.

15. Adolescent Delinquency Prohibition of Friendships Prohibition of Friendships Prohibition of Friendships Orientation at Deviant Peers.67***|.62***.19* |.15 + Significant indirect effects for moms β Mother | β Fathers Keijsers, L., et al. (2012). Forbidden Friends as Forbidden Fruit (...). Child Development, 83, 651-666. 13 years 14 years15 years

16. Parental Monitoring Adolescent Delinquency Adolescent Disclosure

17. Parental Monitoring Adolescent Delinquency Adolescent Disclosure

18. Delinquency Adolescent Adolescent Disclosure -.21 Adolescent Secrecy.32 Delinquency Adolescent Adolescent Disclosure Adolescent Secrecy -.04-.01 -.08-.00.04-.18.08-.18 -.29 Frijns, T., Keijsers, L., et al. (2010). What parents don’t know (...). Journal of Adolescence, 33, 261-270.

19. Adolescent Disclosure Adolescent Secrecy Adolescent Delinquency Parental Monitoring

20. QUESTION: Can the increase in disruptions or absence of parent-child communication about adolescent daily activities explain increases in minor delinquency?

21. Developmental Changes child adolescent

22. Decrease in Control Solicitation Stable Decrease in Disclosure Keijsers, L., et al. (2010). Developmental links (...). Developmental Psychology, 45, 1314-1327.

23.   Increase in Secrecy, Strongest for Boys Keijsers, L., et al. (2010). Gender differences in keeping secrets (...). Developmental Psychology, 46, 293-298.

24. Keijsers, L., Loeber, R. et al. (2011). Bidirectional links (...). Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 878-889.

25. Moffitt, 1993 Early start Serious Persistent Uncommon Late start Minor delinquency Transient Common

26. Keijsers, L., Loeber, R. et al. (in press). Parent-child relationships in different offending trajectories (...). JCPP Adolescent Limited = Non- Delinquents Adolescent Limited = Serious Persisters

27. QUESTION: What should parents do to increase parent-child communication about adolescent daily activities?

28. 14 years 15 years Mother Solicitation Adolescent Disclosure Mother Solicitation Adolescent Disclosure.12.11 Keijsers, L., et al. (2010). Reciprocal effects (...). Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20, 88-113..11

29. Hawk et al., 2008; Stattin & Kerr, 2000

30. Privacy Invasion Privacy Invasion Mother Knowledge Mother Knowledge Secrecy -.15.22 Mother Knowledge Privacy Invasion.11.13.15.14 -.14-.13 Keijsers, L. *, & Hawk, S. * et al. (in press). I still haven’t found (...). Developmental Psychology 13 years14 years15 years

31. Relationship Quality Secrecy  -.05 -.06 Relationship Quality Relationship Quality Relationship Quality Keijsers, L., et al. (2010). Gender differences in keeping secrets (...). Developmental Psychology, 46, 293-298. 13 years14 years15 years16 years

32.  -.44 -.19 -.10 -.22 -.10 -.20 -.09 -.06 -.05 Relationship Quality Relationship Quality Relationship Quality Relationship Quality Secrecy Keijsers, L., et al. (2010). Gender differences in keeping secrets (...). Developmental Psychology, 46, 293-298. 13 years14 years15 years16 years

33. Age Adolescent Delinquency Relationship Adolescent Disclosure Parental Monitoring Adolescent Secrecy

34. Practical Implications

35. THANKS…. Inspiration, support, friendship, today’s attendence… L.Keijsers@uu.nl Dissertation, presentation, and abstract @ www.LoesKeijsers.nl

37. Parental Knowledge Parental Control Parental Solicitation Adolescent Disclosure.65***.11* Keijsers, L., et al. (2010). Reciprocal effects (...). Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20, 88-113. Replication of Reinterpretation

38. -.34*** Delinquency Adolescent Parental Control Parental Solicitation Adolescent Disclosure Replication of Reinterpretation Keijsers, L., et al. (2010). Reciprocal effects (...). Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20, 88-113.

39. Parental Monitoring Adolescent Disclosure Adolescent Delinquency

40. Age Parental Monitoring Adolescent Disclosure Adolescent Secrecy Adolescent Delinquency

41. Age Parental Monitoring Adolescent Disclosure Adolescent Secrecy Adolescent Delinquency Relationship

42. Bad Relationship Offending 13 years14 years15 years.23**.07-.14**.05-.07***.06-.08***.07-.14**.05-.07***.06-.08*** 10 years11 years12 years Keijsers, L., Loeber, R. et al. (2011). Bidirectional links (...). Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 878-889.