1. Warm Up 5/2 What problems do you think African- Americans faced while fighting for their rights during the Progressive Era? What problems do you think women faced?

2. Special Note: consider this as we move fwd into the last few Progressive issues Note: Throughout this unit we have talked about many different reforms. The majority of these reforms have focused on mainly helping solve the problems of urban residents (right to vote, working conditions, child labor, 16 th Amendment, living conditions, etc.), although many Americans were affected as well

3. Women’s Movement Women’s rights  Suffrage (voting)  Owning Property  Divorce  Clothing  Birth Control

4. Who are suffragists? Suffragists are people who fight for the right to vote Women were sometimes known as suffragettes National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) created

5. Women’s Reform Leaders Susan B Anthony – activist who worked towards gaining suffrage for women  Created National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

6. Elizabeth Cady Stanton First president of a new women’s rights organization - National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Part of the early Women’s Rights Movement. Born 1815 Died 1902

7. Women’s Reform Leaders Alice Paul – radical activist who worked towards gaining suffrage for women. Part of “new generation.” Leads to the passage of the 19 th Amendment (1920)

9. 19 th Amendment 1920: the 19 th Amendment is ratified Granted women the right to vote Approved by Pres. Wilson

10. Corset Stays Made of Whale Bone

11. Remember “The 1900 House”! Why did the mother call the doctor? She was having shortness of breath due to the tightness of her corset!

12. Fashion Changes

14. Margaret Sanger Activist for more available birth control Went into tenements & witnessed problems with large families living in poverty Wanted women to have more control over economic & physical being

15. (Early) African American Civil Rights African Americans were still fighting for basic rights guaranteed to them in the Constitution

16. Goals for Civil Rights Ensure equal rights Fight segregation Passage of anti-lynching laws

17. Reminder of the Problems African Americans Faced Voter Restrictions  Poll Tax – Pay a fee to vote  Literacy Test – prove you could read & write to vote  Grandfather Clause – exempts a group of people from obeying a law provided they met certain conditions before law was passed

18. Reminder of the Problems African Americans Faced Jim Crow Laws – System of laws that segregated public services by race

19. Additional Problems Faced by African Americans Lynching – mob’s illegal seizure & execution of a person, usually by hanging

20. Reminder of the Problems African Americans Faced Plessy v. Ferguson – “Separate but Equal” (1896)  Supreme Court ruled against Homer Plessy saying segregation was legal as long as separate facilities were equal

21. African American Leaders Who are they? What are their philosophies?

22. African American Leaders Booker T. Washington – encouraged African Americans to become educated & learn a trade Est. Tuskegee Institute in Alabama Wanted to work slowly and diligently towards rights – nothing radical

23. African American Leaders W.E.B. DuBois – encouraged Top 10% of African Americans to attend college & become leaders Was more aggressive than Washington in his reform work One of the founders of the N.A.A.C.P.

24. African American Leaders NAACP – National Association for the Advancement of Colored People  Worked through courts to gain equal rights for African Am.

25. Working Conditions Changes Wanted  Fewer Hours  Higher Wages  Safer Factories  Unions

29. Regarding Child Labor Keating-Owen Child Labor Act National Child Labor Act Already discussed in Moral Reforms regarding education.

30. Mar. 25, 1911 The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory operated on the top 3 floors of the 10 story Asche Building in New York City

31. Notice that the tallest ladders owned by the fire dept. only reach the 6 th floor In 1911, Unsafe working conditions lead to a deadly fire

32. Rather than burn alive in the swift moving fire, many women jump from windows

33. Eight months after the fire, a jury acquitted the factory owners, of any wrong doing. Twenty-three individual civil suits were brought against the owners of the Asch building. On March 11, 1913, three years after the fire, the owners settled. They paid 75 dollars per life lost. This tragedy led to a push for comprehensive safety and workers compensation laws.

34. Environment Goal: to preserve America’s land & nat’l parks Land Preservationist and Conservationist John Muir (1838-1914), Sierra Club Founder “Father of Our National Parks” Inspired T. Roosevelt programs such as the Antiquities Act (1906)

35. Environment, cont.  National Park Service Established under Woodrow Wilson’s Presidency in 1916.

39. Closer Why is it important for citizens to get involved in social issues? What influence can people have at the local, state, or national level if they take action in something they believe to be a social injustice?