1. Alexandra War not a series of episodes of conflict

2. Alexandra War not a series of episodes of conflict Political institution

3. Alexandra War not a series of episodes of conflict Political institution "The whole complex of activities and organization" that make war possible

4. Alexandra War not a series of episodes of conflict Political institution "The whole complex of activities and organization" that make war possible Political pacifism not against fighting: against the institution of war.

5. Alexandra War not a series of episodes of conflict Political institution "The whole complex of activities and organization" that make war possible Political pacifism not against fighting: against the institution of war. All violence not necessarily wrong.

6. Alexandra War not a series of episodes of conflict Political institution "The whole complex of activities and organization" that make war possible Political pacifism not against fighting: against the institution of war. All violence not necessarily wrong. Pacifism agrees the state is valuable.

7. Alexandra War not a series of episodes of conflict Political institution "The whole complex of activities and organization" that make war possible Political pacifism not against fighting: against the institution of war. All violence not necessarily wrong. Pacifism agrees the state is valuable. Violent disruption of the state must be prevented.

8. Alexandra War not a series of episodes of conflict Political institution "The whole complex of activities and organization" that make war possible Political pacifism not against fighting: against the institution of war. All violence not necessarily wrong. Pacifism agrees the state is valuable. Violent disruption of the state must be prevented. But not with institutionalized violence: an institution of peace.

9. Alexandra War not a series of episodes of conflict Political institution "The whole complex of activities and organization" that make war possible Political pacifism not against fighting: against the institution of war. All violence not necessarily wrong. Pacifism agrees the state is valuable. Violent disruption of the state must be prevented. But not with institutionalized violence: an institution of peace. Argument against pacifism

10. Alexandra War not a series of episodes of conflict Political institution "The whole complex of activities and organization" that make war possible Political pacifism not against fighting: against the institution of war. All violence not necessarily wrong. Pacifism agrees the state is valuable. Violent disruption of the state must be prevented. But not with institutionalized violence: an institution of peace. Argument against pacifism Impractical

11. Alexandra War not a series of episodes of conflict Political institution "The whole complex of activities and organization" that make war possible Political pacifism not against fighting: against the institution of war. All violence not necessarily wrong. Pacifism agrees the state is valuable. Violent disruption of the state must be prevented. But not with institutionalized violence: an institution of peace. Argument against pacifism Impractical Mostly applies only to personal refusal, not political pacifism (Narveson).

12. Alexandra War not a series of episodes of conflict Political institution "The whole complex of activities and organization" that make war possible Political pacifism not against fighting: against the institution of war. All violence not necessarily wrong. Pacifism agrees the state is valuable. Violent disruption of the state must be prevented. But not with institutionalized violence: an institution of peace. Argument against pacifism Impractical Mostly applies only to personal refusal, not political pacifism (Narveson). But how to deter violence against the state (invasion)?

13. Alexandra War not a series of episodes of conflict Political institution "The whole complex of activities and organization" that make war possible Political pacifism not against fighting: against the institution of war. All violence not necessarily wrong. Pacifism agrees the state is valuable. Violent disruption of the state must be prevented. But not with institutionalized violence: an institution of peace. Argument against pacifism Impractical Mostly applies only to personal refusal, not political pacifism (Narveson). But how to deter violence against the state (invasion)? People would never act as pacifists when invaded.

14. Alexandra War not a series of episodes of conflict Political institution "The whole complex of activities and organization" that make war possible Political pacifism not against fighting: against the institution of war. All violence not necessarily wrong. Pacifism agrees the state is valuable. Violent disruption of the state must be prevented. But not with institutionalized violence: an institution of peace. Argument against pacifism Impractical Mostly applies only to personal refusal, not political pacifism (Narveson). But how to deter violence against the state (invasion)? People would never act as pacifists when invaded. Can't expect that if there's no institution of peace in place.

15. Historical examples of pacifism's effectiveness: Gandhi, King, Lithuania.

16. Why take political pacifism seriously as an alternative to the institution of war?

17. Historical examples of pacifism's effectiveness: Gandhi, King, Lithuania. Why take political pacifism seriously as an alternative to the institution of war? More effective

18. Historical examples of pacifism's effectiveness: Gandhi, King, Lithuania. Why take political pacifism seriously as an alternative to the institution of war? More effective The more military build-up, the greater likelihood of war.

19. Historical examples of pacifism's effectiveness: Gandhi, King, Lithuania. Why take political pacifism seriously as an alternative to the institution of war? More effective The more military build-up, the greater likelihood of war. Costs less Costs of military: financial, economic, cultural, environmental, psychological

20. Historical examples of pacifism's effectiveness: Gandhi, King, Lithuania. Why take political pacifism seriously as an alternative to the institution of war? More effective The more military build-up, the greater likelihood of war. Costs less Costs of military: financial, economic, cultural, environmental, psychological More consistent with our values

21. Historical examples of pacifism's effectiveness: Gandhi, King, Lithuania. Why take political pacifism seriously as an alternative to the institution of war? More effective The more military build-up, the greater likelihood of war. Costs less Costs of military: financial, economic, cultural, environmental, psychological More consistent with our values Military: "instrument of obedience", inconsistent with Kantian moral agency.

22. Historical examples of pacifism's effectiveness: Gandhi, King, Lithuania. Why take political pacifism seriously as an alternative to the institution of war? More effective The more military build-up, the greater likelihood of war. Costs less Costs of military: financial, economic, cultural, environmental, psychological More consistent with our values Military: "instrument of obedience", inconsistent with Kantian moral agency. Subverts democracy