1. Persuasive essay

2. Persuasive Appeals Pathos (Emotional)Pathos (Emotional) Ethos (Ethical)Ethos (Ethical) Logos (Logical)Logos (Logical)

3. Persuasive Appeals Pathos (Emotional)Pathos (Emotional)

4. Persuasive Appeals Ethos (Ethical)Ethos (Ethical)

5. Persuasive Appeals Logos (Logical)Logos (Logical)

6. Question of Fact There is a true answer, but we don’t have enough information to know what it is for certain.There is a true answer, but we don’t have enough information to know what it is for certain. Partisan in nature – speaker acts as an advocatePartisan in nature – speaker acts as an advocate Each main point in your essay should provide a reason why someone should agree with you.Each main point in your essay should provide a reason why someone should agree with you. Three Types of Persuasive Questions

7. Organizational Pattern in the body Question of Fact: List facts, examples in support of your thesisList facts, examples in support of your thesis Include refutationInclude refutation Point-by-point (he said/she said)Point-by-point (he said/she said) Opposition firstOpposition first You firstYou first Organizational Patterns

8. Question of Value Add value judgments to facts based on a person’s own beliefs about right/wrong, good/evil, fair/unfair…Add value judgments to facts based on a person’s own beliefs about right/wrong, good/evil, fair/unfair… Must give specific thought to the standards you base your judgment onMust give specific thought to the standards you base your judgment on Almost always topical in organizationAlmost always topical in organization First main point is to establish the standards the values will be judged fromFirst main point is to establish the standards the values will be judged from Second main point is apply standard to your topic and evaluate/judgeSecond main point is apply standard to your topic and evaluate/judge Do not suggest some course of action that needs to be takenDo not suggest some course of action that needs to be taken

9. Organizational Pattern in the body Question of Value: 1.Establish the standards to be compared to 2.Apply standards to your topic 3.Include refutation Organizational Patterns

10. Question of Policy Deals with a specific course of actionDeals with a specific course of action Always involves question of factAlways involves question of fact May also involve question of valueMay also involve question of value Should always include the word shouldShould always include the word should Gain Passive Agreement Agree that a certain policy is desirableAgree that a certain policy is desirable Not encourage actionNot encourage action Gain Immediate Action Establish that your cause is soundEstablish that your cause is sound Rouse your audience to actionRouse your audience to action action reinforces beliefaction reinforces belief be specific as possiblebe specific as possible

11. Establish a need – establish that there is a problem Create a plan - explain your plan for solving it identify its main featuresidentify its main features explain the weakest aspects that might affect the audience’s opinionexplain the weakest aspects that might affect the audience’s opinion Question of Policy…

12. Show its practicality show it will not create more problems than it solvesshow it will not create more problems than it solves show it is workableshow it is workable cite expert testimonycite expert testimony cite successful examples (tax cuts)cite successful examples (tax cuts) opposition shows how the proposed new plan is impracticalopposition shows how the proposed new plan is impractical

13. Organizational Pattern in the body Question of Policy: 1.attention/status quo 2.need for change 3.proposal 4.action 5.visualization Organizational Patterns

14. I. Status Quo (What is the present situation of the “topic”) This is like an informative essay. You tell the audience the facts and provide examples so they understand the breadth of the topic. This is like an informative essay. You tell the audience the facts and provide examples so they understand the breadth of the topic. Clearly explain what is going on! Clearly explain what is going on! Organizational Pattern in the body

15. 2. Need for a Change (What is wrong with the present situation?) This is where you begin to develop the persuasive argument. You provide information which shows the audience that at the present time we need to change the “situation.” This is where you begin to develop the persuasive argument. You provide information which shows the audience that at the present time we need to change the “situation.” Organizational Pattern in the body

16. 3. Proposal (Your plan to solve the problem) This is where you offer a plan which solves the problems you have established and/or identified in Point B ( Need for a Change). This is where you offer a plan which solves the problems you have established and/or identified in Point B ( Need for a Change). Organizational Pattern in the body

17. 4. Action (What can your audience do?) This is where you offer concrete examples/actions your audience can take to help solve the problem. This is where you offer concrete examples/actions your audience can take to help solve the problem. (Examples: Write their Congressman; facilitate a recycling plan in their own homes; donate blood; purchase products which do not perform tests on animals, etc.) Organizational Pattern in the body

18. 5. Visualization (How things will improve) This is where you tell your audience to visualize the world being a better a place with your proposal/plan. Show them that your plan will improve the situation. This is where you tell your audience to visualize the world being a better a place with your proposal/plan. Show them that your plan will improve the situation. Organizational Pattern in the body