1. In the World of Ethics : Rotary’s Four-Way Test And Rutland Institute’s Toolbox Approach and Decision Framework Presented by Linda M. Gallicchio District 7750 Four Way Test Committee Chair And Associate Director, Business Outreach Clemson University’s Rutland Institute for Ethics Presented by Linda M. Gallicchio District 7750 Four Way Test Committee Chair And Associate Director, Business Outreach Clemson University’s Rutland Institute for Ethics

2. Copyright 2009 Rutland Institute for Ethics 2 The Four-Way Test “Of the things we think, say or do:  Is it the TRUTH?  Is it FAIR to all concerned?  Will it build GOODWILL & BETTER FRIENDSHIPS?  Will it be BENEFICIAL to all concerned?” “Of the things we think, say or do:  Is it the TRUTH?  Is it FAIR to all concerned?  Will it build GOODWILL & BETTER FRIENDSHIPS?  Will it be BENEFICIAL to all concerned?”

3. Copyright 2009 Rutland Institute for Ethics 3 The Underlying Values of The Four Way Test  Veracity  Justice  Fraternity/Community  Beneficence  Veracity  Justice  Fraternity/Community  Beneficence

4. Copyright 2009 Rutland Institute for Ethics 4 Ethical Decision Making Ethicists often view issues through one or more of three philosophical “lenses”: 1. Consequences 2. Rights and duties/deserved treatment 3. Aspirations (virtues, character) Ethicists often view issues through one or more of three philosophical “lenses”: 1. Consequences 2. Rights and duties/deserved treatment 3. Aspirations (virtues, character)

5. Copyright 2009 Rutland Institute for Ethics 5 Rutland’s Ethical Toolbox Approach Convergence Begets Confidence* Consequences Deserved Treatment Aspirations Decision/Moral Judgment * Randy Barnett coined the convergence slogan Consequences Deserved Treatment Aspirations Decision/Moral Judgment * Randy Barnett coined the convergence slogan

6. Copyright 2009 Rutland Institute for Ethics 6 Rotary’s Four Way Test Rutland’s Ethical Toolbox Approach Convergence Begets Confidence* Goodwill TruthGoodwill Better Friendships FairBetter Friendships Consequences Deserved Treatment AspirationsBeneficial Decision/Moral Judgment * Randy Barnett coined the convergence slogan Goodwill TruthGoodwill Better Friendships FairBetter Friendships Consequences Deserved Treatment AspirationsBeneficial Decision/Moral Judgment * Randy Barnett coined the convergence slogan

7. The Rutland Decision Framework Identify Issues and Stakeholders Analyze the options using the Four Way Test/Rutland Toolbox Approach J ustify the options based on convergence Decide (and Act – sometimes the courageous task ) Identify Issues and Stakeholders Analyze the options using the Four Way Test/Rutland Toolbox Approach J ustify the options based on convergence Decide (and Act – sometimes the courageous task ) Copyright 2009 Rutland Institute for Ethics 7

8. Working the Process : Situation - Safety Manager tested DUI after a non-injury traffic accident for which he was at fault Copyright 2009 Rutland Institute for Ethics

9. Identify  Issue:  Must deal with Safety Manager being proven DUI at the scene of an accident he caused  Stakeholders:  Safety ManagerCustomers  New VP (the boss)Community  CompanyHis children  Other EmployeesShareholders  Issue:  Must deal with Safety Manager being proven DUI at the scene of an accident he caused  Stakeholders:  Safety ManagerCustomers  New VP (the boss)Community  CompanyHis children  Other EmployeesShareholders Copyright 2009 Rutland Institute for Ethics

10. Analyze The options:  Take no action – it was after work hours  Terminate because of breach in judgment  Demote out of position with pay cut What’s at stake and for whom?  Safety Manager’s employment and reputation  Custody of his children  VP’s reputation as a new executive  Reputation of the company safety program  Company’s reputation within community… The options:  Take no action – it was after work hours  Terminate because of breach in judgment  Demote out of position with pay cut What’s at stake and for whom?  Safety Manager’s employment and reputation  Custody of his children  VP’s reputation as a new executive  Reputation of the company safety program  Company’s reputation within community… Copyright 2009 Rutland Institute for Ethics

11. 11 Justify Goodwill TruthGoodwill Better Friendships FairBetter Friendships Consequences Deserved Treatment AspirationsBeneficial Demote with pay cut Goodwill TruthGoodwill Better Friendships FairBetter Friendships Consequences Deserved Treatment AspirationsBeneficial Demote with pay cut Termination No Action Demotion/Pay Cut

12. Decide / Act Remove the Safety Manager from the position Offer him the option to demote and return to a technical field engineer position (with six months to obtain his recertification/license) Process a corresponding $12,000+ reduction in pay Remove the Safety Manager from the position Offer him the option to demote and return to a technical field engineer position (with six months to obtain his recertification/license) Process a corresponding $12,000+ reduction in pay Copyright 2009 Rutland Institute for Ethics

13. Summary Rotary’s Four Way Test AND Rutland Institute’s Ethics Toolbox Approach are based on common underlying values. Each provides multiple “lenses” through which to confidently evaluate your actions and justify, not rationalize, decisions. Rotary’s Four Way Test AND Rutland Institute’s Ethics Toolbox Approach are based on common underlying values. Each provides multiple “lenses” through which to confidently evaluate your actions and justify, not rationalize, decisions. Copyright 2009 Rutland Institute for Ethics 13

14. In Conclusion  Thank you, Herb Taylor, for the Four Way Test.  Although not a code of ethics, it is a simple guide, a navigational tool to help us reach our destination – acting rightly.  Tools for effective decision making are invaluable.  Thank you, Herb Taylor, for the Four Way Test.  Although not a code of ethics, it is a simple guide, a navigational tool to help us reach our destination – acting rightly.  Tools for effective decision making are invaluable. Copyright 2009 Rutland Institute for Ethics 14

15. Thank You! QUESTIONS? Copyright 2009 Rutland Institute for Ethics 15 Linda Gallicchio lgalli@clemson.edu Rutland Institute for Ethics www.clemson.edu.ethics