1. Garde Manger II: Sandwiches and Hors d’Oeuvres

2. Section Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be able to:
Discuss the fundamentals of garde manger: nnsandwiches and hors d’oeuvres

3. Sandwiches
A sandwich is often the first meal a person learns to prepare
Sandwiches may be served hot or cold
Assembly can happen in advance, or à la minute
Depends on the desired outcome

4. Sandwich Components Bread Firm, thick, not overwhelming or dry
Pullman loaves, peasant-style breads, and rolls
Flatbreads, wrappers, and tortillas
Spread
Moisture barrier
Flavored butter or mayonnaise base, spreadable cheeses, tahini, jams, and condiments
Holds sandwich together

5. Sandwich Components—components
Filling
Vegetable or protein
Garnish
Textural contrast, flavor enhancers

6. Types of Sandwiches Hot (e.g., panini, melt) Closed Open
Cold (e.g., club, deli)

7. Sandwich Presentation
Presentation is very important for sandwich service
Assembly of sandwiches should be conducted in an efficient and thoughtful manner
Consider quality and presentation

8. Sandwich Mise en Place Prepare all ingredients
Cook, mix, slice, or rinse ingredients as necessary
Arrange and store ingredients
Preportion as appropriate
Keep within easy reach but properly refrigerated

9. Sandwich Mise en Place—continued
Select and arrange equipment
Spatulas, scoops, knives, cutting boards, heat griddles, fryers, and broilers

10. Cutting Sandwiches
Sandwiches can be cut in a variety of ways to make the presentation attractive
Halves
Thirds
Quarters
Garnish is important to the look of the sandwich
Consider “functional” garnishes

11. Sandwich Sanitation
Sandwiches, whether hot or cold, present a dangerous environment for the spread of foodborne illness
High protein, precooked food, mayonnaise, and butter, along with a variety of hand contact, create food safety challenges
Produce sandwiches under the most stringent conditions

12. Hors d’Oeuvres
French word used to describe small portions of very flavorful food items served either before the main meal, lunch, or dinner, or as the first course of a meal

13. Types of Hors d’Oeuvres
Canapé: Small open-faced sandwich that may be topped with a variety of savory food items
Barquettes and tartlets: Miniature pie shells made from a short pie dough and filled with a variety of savory fillings
Choux puffs and carolines: Miniature puff and éclair-shaped choux paste shells filled with a variety of savory purées and mousses

14. Canapés: Banquet-Style
Use a dense bread, such as pumpernickel or rye
(which allows elimination of toasting)
Use Pullman loaves, approximately 4" × 4" × 18"
These should be sliced lengthwise, no thicker than 1/4"
If bread is extremely fresh or coarsely textured, it is difficult to get thin, even slices
For thin, even slices, slice bread when slightly frozen

15. Canapés: Banquet-Style—continued
Always trim crust from bread after slicing, not before
The evenness of slices can be improved by using a band saw to slice the loaves

16. Canapés: Banquet-Style—continued
Soften spread by whipping or by allowing to warm to room temperature
Apply spread to Pullman slice with a medium-size palette knife
Apply filling to Pullman slice
Select an item for the filling that can be applied quickly and easily to the bread
It is best if it can be applied in a single step

17. Canapés: Banquet-Style—continued
Items that can be sliced in long sheets on a meat slicer then laid on top of the Pullman loaf work well; these include ham, turkey, cheese, or smoked salmon
Fine-textured salads, such as tuna salad, salmon salad, and chicken salad, (when the recipe is adjusted to avoid seepage of moisture) can be easily spread onto a Pullman slice

18. Canapés: Banquet-Style—continued
At this point, you essentially have a very large, open-faced sandwich
Banquet-style canapés can be—and are often—made up to this point, one to two days in advance
If you are making the canapés in advance, continue to the next step
The canapé can be tightly wrapped and frozen, and then defrosted and finished when needed

19. Canapés: Banquet-Style—continued
The Pullman-sized slices, spread and topped with the filling, are coated with a thin layer of aspic
Aspic helps to preserve their freshness and gives them a glistening finish
Aspic can be applied with a brush or spray bottle
Aspic should be delicate, not rubbery
It should be perfectly clear and have a good flavor

20. Canapés: Banquet-Style—continued
The Pullman slice is now ready to be cut into individual canapés
Squares, diamonds, and triangles can be cut using straight-line cuts of a long French knife
This technique results in the least amount of wasted product

21. Canapés: Banquet-Style—continued
Rounds and crescents can be cut using a sharpened round cutter
This technique results in more waste
Special shapes, such as stars, hearts, spades, and others, can be cut from the Pullman slice
These cuts have the lowest yield per Pullman slice

22. Canapés: Banquet-Style—continued
Exactness of size and shape is critical for an elegant presentation
Individual canapés should be lined up on a work tray in neat “rank and file” order
Any misshapen or wrongly sized items can be picked out easily

23. Canapés: Banquet-Style—continued
Garnish can be applied to the canapé
The garnish should be one that can be quickly made and easily applied
Chose a garnish that is suitable for the filling

24. Canapés: À la Carte-Style
Basic method is the same as banquet-style
Special techniques
Bases with special shapes are often used
They cost more to handle and have a lower yield of usable product

25. Canapés: À la Carte-Style—continued
A commonly produced item is the coronet, made from salami, ham, smoked salmon, or similar food
These are attached to a base with a rosette of basic spread or compound butter
The coronet is filled with an olive, sour cream, caviar, or other suitable food
This preparation has great eye appeal, but takes more production time
Garnishes are often more complex, such as a strip of marinated red pepper tied in a tiny bow

26. Tartlets and Barquettes
Prepare an unsweetened, short pie dough
Roll out thin, 1/8" thick maximum
Allow rolled-out dough to rest
Freezing dough briefly will speed up resting process
Cut rolled-out dough into small circles, squares, or rectangles
These should be large enough to fully line interior of the barquette or tartlet mold

27. Tartlets and Barquettes—continued
Loosely place square of dough into mold
It is not necessary to oil or lubricate mold when using a short pie dough

28. Tartlets and Barquettes—continued
Place a second mold on top of first, sandwiching dough between the two molds, apply gentle pressure to bring them together
Trim excess dough from the edges of molds with a paring knife
Place molds upside down on a sheet pan
A second sheet pan may be placed on top of the molds to reduce tendency of dough to draw back during baking

29. Tartlets and Barquettes—continued
Bake in a 375°F (190°C) oven, until top mold falls off easily
It is acceptable for barquettes and tartlet shells to be pale and not “golden brown”
Be careful not to overbake
Overbaked shells shatter easily

30. Tartlets and Barquettes—continued
If a custard is to be cooked in shells, dough should be raw or just blanched when filled with custard
Shells can be made up to a week in advance
If barquette or tartlet is to be served cold, coat inside of prepared shell with a spread or compound butter
This will help keep crust from getting soggy or warped
Fill and garnish as you would for a canapé

31. Choux Puffs and Carolines
Use a straight #6 or #7 pastry tube
Pipe the paste into a small ball, about 1-11/2" in diameter
After baking, the diameter of the choux puffs should be no more than 2"

32. Choux Puffs and Carolines—continued
Use a straight #5 or #6 pastry tube
Pipe paste into lengths of no more than 2"
Bake as you would any item made from choux paste
These shells should not be prepared more than 3 to 4 days in advance

33. Choux Puffs and Carolines: Preparing the Filling
Fillings suited for choux puffs and carolines are purées or mousses of meat, fish, or vegetables
The content of filling, including garnishes, needs to be small enough to pass through a pastry tube

34. Choux Puffs and Carolines: Preparing the Filling—continued
Be careful not to overcook fish or meat for purée
If overcooked, it will give a grainy-mouth feel to filling
This cannot be masked by the addition of velouté or mayonnaise during processing

35. Choux Puffs and Carolines—continued
Make a small hole in the bottom of the puff with the tip of a small pastry tube and pipe in the filling
In some cases, in order to fill the puff, simply cut off the top of the puff
The cavity within the puff is then filled with the desired filling
Fill puffs as close to service as possible; they tend to become soggy when held

36. Choux Puffs and Caroline—continued
Choux puffs are not usually garnished
They can, however, be garnished like a canapé
Carolines, after filling, are often topped with a suitable chaud-froid sauce in the style of the chocolate on an éclair