2. The Harappan Civilization 3300 BCE - 2400 BCE

3. Citadel of Mohenjo-Daro Grid layout

4. Aerial View of Mohenjo-Daro

5. Wide View, Mohenjo-Daro

6. Main Street, Mohenjo-Daro

7. pottery, Mohenjo-Daro

8. Bison Seal, Mohenjo-Daro

9. Necklace, Mohenjo-Daro

10. Public Well, Harappa

11. Unicorn Seal, Harappa

12. Burial Pottery, Harappa

13. Harappan Writing Undecipherable to date.

15. Aryan Migration  pastoral  depended on their cattle.  warriors  horse-drawn chariots.

16. Sanskrit writing

17. The Vedas  1200 BCE-600 BCE.  written in SANSKRIT.  Hinduism roots in Vedas  Caste system  Dharma Rig Veda  oldest work

18. Varna (Social Hierarchy) Shudras Vaishyas Kshatriyas Brahmins Pariahs -- Untouchables

19. Hinduism Many deities – Brahma-creator – Vishnu-preserver – Siva-destroyer Upanishads – Self denial—fasting – Yoga—discipline Reincarnation Karma – Ahimsa

20. History of Religion http://www.mapsofwar.com/ind/history-of- religion.html

22. Religions of South Asia

23. Buddhism in the Subcontinent

24. The essence of Buddhism  The “middle way of wisdom and compassion.”  2,500 year old tradition.  Buddha, the teacher.  Dharma, the teachings.

25. Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 BCE)  Born in NE India (Nepal).  Raised in great luxury to be a king.  At 29 he rejected his luxurious life to seek enlightenment and the source of suffering.  Lived a strict, ascetic life for 6 years.  Rejecting this extreme, sat in meditation, and found nirvana.  Became “The Enlightened One,” at 35.

26. What is the fundamental cause of all suffering? Desire!  Therefore, extinguish the self, don’t obsess about oneself.

27. Four Noble Truths 1. There is suffering in the world. To live is to suffer. 2. The cause of suffering is self- centered desire and attachments. 3. The solution is to eliminate desire and attachments 4. To reach nirvana, one must follow the Eightfold Path

28. Eightfold Path Nirvana   The union with the ultimate spiritual reality..  Escape from the cycle of rebirth.

29. Spread of Buddhism Missionaries and traders helped to spread the religion

30. Buddha 19c Thailand Buddha’s head 2c Pakistan

31. Zen Buddhism  Seeks sudden enlightenment through meditation, arriving at emptiness  Beauty, art, and aesthetics:  Gardens.  Archery.  Tea ceremony.  Calligraphy.

32. China’s History

33. Huang He River Shang Dynasty 1700-1027 BCE

34. Oracle Bones

36. Zhou 1028-771 BCE

37. Mandate of Heaven The Zhou justified taking over from the Shang by saying that they had lost divine approval to rule

38. Zhou Dynasty 1029-258 BCE Leaders/Traits Walled cities Trade routes between cities Mandate of Heaven Feudalism Philosophy Daoism – Laozi – 500’s BCE Confucianism – Analects – Chaotic government as Zhou was in decline – 522 BCE

39. Confucianism Based on five relationships – Ruler/subject – Husband/wife – Father/son – Older brother/younger brother – Friend/friend Not a religion Women were subservient to men Wanted to reform society by showing rulers how to govern wisely Laid groundwork for creation of a bureaucracy [a trained civil service who runs the government] Examination system

40. Qin Dynasty 221-206 BCE Shi Huangdi-First Emperor  Ruthless—Totalitarian  Legalism adopted  Territorial Expansion begins 214 BCE  Book burning-213 BCE  Standardized weights and measures  Single money system  Uniform writing system  Postal system  Great Wall  Bankrupted China  Pottery Army-210 BCE  Forced labor  First time China united as one empire  Agricultural  Trade/merchants

42. Great Wall

44. Terra Cotta Army