1. Growth and Development
Infancy
Early Childhood
Middle Childhood
Adolescent

2. Stages of Growth and Development
Infancy
1 month to 1 year
Early Childhood
Toddler
1-3 years
Middle Childhood
Preschool
3-5 years
Late Childhood
6-11 years
Adolescent
12-18 years

3. Principles of Growth and Development
Growth refers to an increase in physical size of the whole body or any of its parts.
Development refers to a progressive increase in skill and capacity of function.
Rates and patterns of growth are specific to certain parts of the body.
Growth and development are influenced by a multiple factors.
Development continues throughout the individual's life span.

4. Growth Pattern
The child’s pattern of growth occurs in a head-to-toe direction, or an inward to outward pattern

5. Changes in Body Proportions with Age

6. Infancy- 1month to 1 year Newborn: barely able to lift head
6 months: easily lifts head, can sit alone in the tripod position
8 months old: can sit without support and engage in play

7. Infancy 9 month old: crawl
1 year: stand independently from a crawl position, some begin to walk.
Weight triples, and height increases by 50 percent
During this stage infants begin to develop trust.

8. Speech Milestones 1-2 months: coos 2-6 months: laughs and squeals
8-9 months babbles: mama/dada as sounds
10-12 months: “mama/dada specific
18-20 months: 20 to 30 words – 50% understood by strangers
22-24 months: two word sentences, >50 words, 75% understood by strangers
30-36 months: almost all speech understood by strangers

9. Early Childhood- toddler
1 year old: transfer objects from hand to hand
2 year old: can hold a crayon and color vertical strokes
Turn the page of a book
Build a tower of six blocks
3 year old: copy a circle and a
cross – build using small blocks

10. Early Childhood- toddler
The toddler's average weight gain is 3 to 5 lbs/year.
During 1–3 years, the child's height increases by 1cm/month. (about 10 to 12.5 cm/year.)
Children in this stage learn how to talk, walk, and potty train.

11. Middle Childhood- Preschool stage
4 year old: use scissors, color within the borders
5 year old: write some letters and draw a person with body parts

12. Middle Childhood- Pre-School
Weight: The preschooler gains approximately 3 lbs./year.
Height: He/she doubles birth length by 4–5 years of age.
Children in this stage enjoy playing make believe, and they are able to better coordinate their movements.

13. Late Childhood- 6 to 11 years
During this stage Physical and mental skills improve.
At 6–8 years, the school–age child:
Rides a bicycle.
Runs Jumps, climbs and hops.
Has improved eye-hand coordination.
Prints word and learn cursive writing.
Can brush and comb hair.

14. Late Childhood- School Aged
At 8–10 years:
Throws balls skillfully.
Uses to participate in organized sports.
Uses both hands independently.
Handles eating utensils (spoon, fork, knife) skillfully.
At 10–12 years:
Enjoy all physical activities.
Continues to improve his motor coordination.

15. Late Childhood- School Age
Weight:
School–age child gains about lbs. g/year.
Boys tend to gain slightly more weight through these years.
Height:
The child gains about 5cm/year.
Body proportion during this period: Both boys and girls are long-legged. .

16. Adolescent- 12 to 18 years
Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adulthood. Its is based on childhood experiences and accomplishments.
During this stage teenagers gain independence, and they begin to challenge values.
They become Critical of adult authority
Relies on peer relationship
Mood swings especially in early adolescents

17. Adolescents- 12 to 18 years Weight:
Growth spurt begins earlier in girls (10–14 years, while it is 12–16 in boys).
Males gains 15 to 65 lbs., while female gains 15 to 55 lbs.
Height:
By the age of 13, most adolescent triple their birth length.
Males gains 10 to 30cm in height.
Females gains less height than males as they gain 5 to 20cm.

18. References:
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill. (1999). Teen Health. New York, New York: Visual Education Corporation.
Iqbal. (n.d.). Slide World. Retrieved from Growth and Development:
Kennington, E. (2012, November 11). Growth and Development Knowledge. Bountiful, Utah, USA.