1. Chapters 14 & 15 Internet Databases

2. E-Commerce  Bringing new products, services, or ideas to market, supporting and enhancing business operations  Mainly identified with the use of the Internet as a medium to transact business and add value to an organization.  Changed Business Environment

3. Benefits of E-Commerce  Convenience  Quick and Convenient Comparison Shopping  Reduced Cost / Increased Competition  24 / 7 / 365 operations  Global Access  Lower Entry Barriers  Increased Customer Market Knowledge

4. Disadvantages of E-Commerce  Hidden Costs –Hardware –Software  Technology is not perfect  Thin profit margins (must be competitive)  Security  Loss of Privacy  Low Levels of Customer Service  Legal Issues

5. Major E-Commerce Styles  Business to Business (B2B)  Business to Consumer (B2C) –Consumer to Business –Consumer to Consumer –Government to Consumer –Government to Business  IntraBusiness (using Intranet)

6. E-Commerce Architecture  3 Layered Organization of Services that interact, using a common set of protocols. The Internet is the main transport medium.  Basic Internet Services  Business Enabling Services  E-Commerce Business Services

7. Basic Internet Services  Web Browser  HTML  FTP  HTTP  TCP/IP  Web Server  E-Mail

8. Business Enabling Services  Security  Personalization  Database Integration  Usability Testing  Web Site Monitoring and Analysis  Transaction Processing  Search  Messaging  Wireless Device Support

9. E-Commerce Business Services  Inventory  Ordering  Tracking  Product Support  Customer Service  Shipping  Etc.

10. Security  Protect transaction data from unauthorized modifications during Internet travel – Transaction Security –Secure Socket Layer –S-HTTP  Authentication - Warrantee identity of transaction participants (Buyers and Sellers)  Protect Resources (data and computer)  Customer’s personal data  Privacy Issues  Property against Criminal Activity –Digital Certificated –Encryption  Private Key  Public Key  Resource Security –Protect against virus, hackers, DOS attacks

11. Database Design for E-Commerce  Don’t reinvent the wheel  No need for ‘new’ design techniques  Scope –Facilitate sales of products and services –Show products and services –Conduct basic sales transactions –Customer Service –Product Returns Web Customer Profiling

12. Basic Business Rules  Sell Products  Product and Customer Tables  Customer may place multiple orders –1:M Relationship  Order contains Multiple Lines –1:M Relationship  Order Lines refer to one Product –1:M Relationship

13. XML – Extensible Markup Language  Meta-Language  Represents and Manipulates data elements  Facilitates Exchange of structured documents over the web –World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) published standard definition in 1998  Allow definition of meta-tags to describe data elements  Case Sensitive  Not A Replacement for HTML

14. XML – Document Type Definition  Files with.dtd extension to describe XML elements  Provides composition of database’s logical model  Defines syntax rules for each XML documents  Defines Valid tags

15. XML Schema  Advances data definition language used to describe structure of XML documents  Closely maps database terminology and features  Checks for database types  Validates data for out-of-range values  XML Schema Definition (XSD) files use syntax like SML document

16. Web Databases  Stateless Environment – The web is a stateless system.  Data processing requires additional software –Java –Java Script –VB Script

17. Web Database Connectivity  Allows rapid response to competitive pressures –New Services –New Products  Enhanced Customer Support  Fast Effective Information Dissemination

18. Characteristics / Benefits of Internet Technology  Hardware / Software Independence –Cost Savings –Uses Existing Equipment –Platform Independency  Common Simple User Interface –Reduced Training and Support  Location Independence –Global Access –Reduced Costs for Dedicated Connections  Rapid Development at Manageable Cost –Development Tools (Plug and Play) –Low Entry Costs (Often Free Web Servers) –Available Software and Access Tools

19. Web Server Interfaces  CGI – Common Gateway Interfaces –Uses Script files to connect to database –Perl, C++, VB  API – Application Programming Interface –Newer –More Efficient –Uses DLL’s –Memory Resident  Netscape API  Internet Server API (Microsoft)  Cold Fusion – Web Application Server

20. Web Server Application  Middleware application  Expands functionality of Web servers by connecting them to wide range of services –Databases –Directory Systems –Search Engines  Provides a Consistent Run-Time Environment for Web-Applications  Allows Client to Interact with Databases and Present Database-Driven Data in a Web Page

21. Server Side Extension  Part of Web Server Application  Interacts directly with web server  Handles specific requests

22. Middleware Connectivity to Databases  Native SQL  ODBC (most common)  OLC DB – Object Linking and Embedding Database Interface –Windows

23. Web Browser – Client Machine  End User Web Interface  Interprets HTML  Client-Side Extensions –Plug Ins –Java / Java Script –Active X and VB Script

24. Special Considerations for Internet Databases  Involved more than just database-enabled applications  Data Types –Integrate from Multiple Sources –How to store and extract data –Overhead –Browser Support

25. Special Considerations for Internet Databases  Data Security –Web Server Level –RMDBS Vendor –Web to Database Middleware –Must Support E-Commerce  Transaction Management (stateless env.)  Client Side Data Validation  Cannot Use Multiple Table Data Entry – Requires Denormalization of Tables  Other Operational and Management Challenges