1. Physics with radioactive ion beams@R3B/FAIR:
CALIFA a next generation calorimeter
D. Cortina
Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
J.A Vilán
Universidad de Vigo
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

2. Layout Presentation of the research teams @USC and @UVi
Project definition and relevance of the coordination
Presentation of the research
Research activities in present facilities
scientific background
main results obtained within FPA
working plans for next years
R&D on CALIFA calorimeter at R3B/FAIR
scientific-tecnological background
Budget summary
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

3. Project definition
This project is the continuation of a preliminar action : FPA
The project is built around two axes:
experimental nuclear physics programme at existing facilities (GSI, GANIL-SPIRAL) GENP-USC
R&D activities to the R³B experiment: CALIFA
(FAIR) GENP-USC and CIMA-UVi
The project coordinates the work of two groups:
Added value: collaboration between the GENP-USC and the CIMA-UVI group
nuclear physics + engineering expertise
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

4. GENP-USC team Senior scientists:
- Dolores Cortina Prof Titular de Universidad (90 ISI papers in last 10 years)
Ignacio Durán Catedrático Universidad (137 ISI papers in last 10 years)
Hector Alvarez Isidro Parga Pondal Researcher (40 ISI papers in last 10 years)
Postdocs:
Manuel Caamaño CPAN
Elisangela Benjamim
External Colaborators:
Klaus Suemmerer GSI Scientific Staff
PhD Students:
- Martín Gascón FPI - Carme Rodríguez FPU
Saúl Beceiro FPU - Paloma Díaz
Technical support:
- David González MICINN
TOTAL FTE: 9 USC
1 External
25 ISI papers related with FPA
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

5. CIMA-UVi team Senior scientists:
- Jose Antonio Vilán Prof Titular de Universidad
Marcos López Prof Titular de Universidad
Abraham Segade Ayudante Doctor
Angel Manuel Prof Titular de Universidad
TOTAL FTE: 3,5 UvI
Short Cv
100 projects last 10 years
15 patents last 10 years
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

6. Scientific background
Understanding the structure of atomic nuclei and forces at play
Substantial progress over the last decade
implementation of 3-body NN interaction in ab-initio calculations
importance of monopole interaction: modification of the effective interactions used in models
Availability of exotic nuclei and novel experimental instruments
… despite the progress there are still many open key questions
limits of existence of the nuclei
dependence of the nuclear force with the proton-to-neutron ratio
creation and evolution of elements in the universe
Our research programme focusses
in a few selected topics
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

7. Main results FPA
Probing the nuclear force at the extreme of isospin: the 7H resonance
Experiment peformed at SPIRAL (France)
radioactive 8He beam produced by the ISOL method
innovative use of the active target concept
nuclear system with the highest N/Z ratio ever syntethised
7H is characterised as a narrow resonance state just above the multibody decay threshold
Highlight the importance of non-perturbative effects in the description of the nuclear force
M. Caamaño, USC PhD thesis, Sept 2006
M. Caamaño et al, Phys Rev. Lett. 99 (2007)
M. Caamaño et al, Phys, Rev. C 78 (2008)
D.Cortina, W. Mittig, submitted to Eur Phys. News 2009
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

8. Main results FPA
Evolution of the nuclear structure with the isospin
Experiment peformed at GSI (Germany)
radioactive beams produced by the fragmentation method
provide in a single experiment nuclear structure information of 38 different nuclei
use of the knockout reaction technique as a spectroscopic tool
FWHM 147±16 MeV/c
17C 16C
Geant 4
C. Rodríguez, USC PhD thesis, December 2009
C. Rodríguez et al, in preparation Phys Lett. B
D. Cortina , INPC, Tokio , June 2007
C. Rodríguez et al., EURORIB, Giens (France), June 2008
C. Rodríguez et al., Zakopane Conf. (Poland), Sept. 2008
D. Cortina, ENPC, Bochum March 2009
Experimental access to spectroscopic factors E
(MeV)
sexp
(mb)
bexp
(%) 0+
0.0
38±13
31±10 2+
1.77
51±10
44±7
2,3+,4+
~4.1
28±9
24±7
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

9. Main results FPA
Study of reactions of astrophysical interest: Coulomb dissociation of 27P
Experiment peformed at GSI (Germany)
radioactive beams produced by the fragmentation method
use of an indirect method to study the reaction 26Si(p,g)27P
reaction in the rp- process
relevant to the 26Al nucleosynthesis
Mapping of 26Al by detection of the 1.8 MeV g-ray in satellites
27P
26Si
26Al
26Mg
(p,g)
b +
S. Beceiro, USC PhD thesis, 2011
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

10. Ongoing experiments USC’05 USC’06 USC’08
Knockout reactions in C target of light n-rich nuclei around N=16-20
Experiment S245- GSI
Personnel USC: C. Rodríguez, D. Cortina
USC PhD October 2009
Publication of the results in ISI journals
Coulomb Dissociation of 27P
Experiment S223- GSI
Personnel USC: S. Beceiro, D. Cortina, K. Sümmerer (GSI)
USC PhD 2011
Study of neutron-rich isotopes around the
island of inversion
Experiment S306- GSI
Personnel USC: P. Diaz, H. Alvárez, D. Cortina
Use of Coulomb breakup as spectroscopic tool
USC responsible of the data sorting (PhD)
USC’05
USC’06
USC’08
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

11. New experiments USC’05 USC’06
n-rich nuclei from Z=3-10 studied in kinematically complete measurements
Experiment S393- GSI First experiment proposed as R3B collaboration
Personnel USC: Student, M. Caamaño, Postdoc, D.Cortina, H. Alvarez
USC’05
USC’06
Extense physics programme  combination of different targets
measurement of relevant r-process nucleosynthesis using Coulomb Dissociation (n,g)
study of the evolution of shell structure close and beyond the dripline using
quasi-free knockout rections
(p,pn)  evolution on neutron shells, and single-particle strength
(p,pa)  evolution of alpha clustering
(p,2p)  population of unbound states, and single-particle strength
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

12. Future projects USC’05 USC’06 USC’08
Study of resonant elastic scattering with MAYA
Personnel USC: New student, M. Caamaño, E. Benjamim, D.Cortina
Experiment to be peformed at SPIRAL (France)
scarce variety of available beams : 26Ne
Study of the halo Nucleus 22N
Personnel USC: New student, D.Cortina, H. Alvarez, I.Durán, M. Caamaño,
E. Benjamim
Experiment to be peformed at ALADIN/LAND GSI (Germany)
This is one of the ideas proposed for a first experiment to be performed with the
CALIFA Barrel Demonstrator  STRONG IMPLICATION OF THE GENP-USC TEAM
USC’08
TEST OF THE REAL PERFORMANCES OF CALIFA Demonstrator
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

13. Facility for Anti-proton and Ion Reseach FAIR
included in the ESFRI list
~3000 scientists
14 countries
Gain Factors
Primary beam intensity: Factor 100 – 1000
Secondary beam intensities radioactive nuclei: up to factor 10,000
Beam energy: Factor 15
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

14. The R³B/FAIR experiment
Reaction with Relativistic Radioactive Beams MeV/nucleon
Nuclear structure and dynamics
Reactions of astrophysycal interest
Nuclear structure far from stability
Reactions of astrophysical interest
Equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter
Technical Proposal
December 2005
IMoU 2008
~ 250 scientists
40 Institutes
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

15. CALIFA design requirements
CALorimeter for In Flight Analysis of g an light charged particles
A detector for in-flight light charged particles and g emitted by relativistic sources
 Huge dynamic range
g 50 keV - 20 MeV
p MeV
Total absorption efficiency
80% (up to Eg=15 MeV lab system)
Gamma sum energy
(Egsum) =<(Egsum)>
Calorimeter for high energy
Light charged particles
Up to 300 MeV in lab system
Gamma energy resolution
~4-5% (FWHM at Eg=1 MeV)
Light charged particles resolution
~2%
Calorimetrer
Spectrometer
R3B Technical Report, 2005
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

16. CALIFA: design challenges
Pushing the limits of enery resolution keeping the efficiency
Kinematical considerations: particles emmitted by relativistic sources
Scintillators provide large efficiencies
but modest energy resolution at low
energies.
To overcome the strong Doppler
broadening, g tracking or
large segmentation is mandatory
R&D programme
performant scintillator materials and photosensors
granular detector: Thousands of finger-like crystals
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
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17. CALIFA concept ~40 BARREL ~20 ~130 FORWARD ENDCUP
Next generation device based on new performant scintillators and photo-sensors
~5000 individual crystals (2.5 Tonnes of CsI(Tl))
Beam
~130
~40
~20
BARREL
FORWARD
ENDCUP
Technical Status Report (December 2008)
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

18. CALIFA: task distribution
R3B/CALIFA coordinator D. Cortina USC
USC, IEM, UVi (SPAIN), LUND,Chalmers (SWEDEN),TUM,TUD, GSI (GERMANY), POLAND, RUSSIA
- Crystal and photosensors BARREL USC,LUND I. Durán USC
- Crystal and photosensors FORWARD IEM, Chalmers, USC O. Tengblad IEM
Electronics TUD,IEM R. Gernhäuser TUD
Simulations USC, LUND, IEM H. Alvarez USC
Mechanical design Uvi,USC J.A. Vilán UVI -H.Alvarez USC
Slow control TUD K.Sonnabend TUD
DAQ GSI (Common task within R³B)
USC’05
USC’06
TSR (end 2008)
IMoU 2008
BARREL FORWARD
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

19. CALIFA BARREL: CsI(Tl)+APD the state of art
Matching of scintillators and photosensors  CsI(Tl) + APD
USC’05
USC’06
Record value!
13 cm
137Cs source (662 keV)
USC’08
This solution fulfill the
design parameters for
the CALIFA Barrel
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
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20. CALIFA BARREL: Crystals
CsI(Tl) crystal characterization
USC’05
USC’06
look for the best CsI(Tl) producers
specify quality parameters for large scale production
On top of an excellent intrinsic energy resolution, it is important to
Minimize the effect of light output non-uniformity
Very different crystal quality even for the same producer
USC’08
Lapping corrections
Maximize the light collection Wrapping (VM2000(ESR) from 3M, optimum reflector)
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
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21. CALIFA BARREL: Photosensors
Avalanche Photo Diode (APD) characterization
USC’05
Hamamatsu is the leader company.
Very positive initial contacts with the CNM (CSIC/ IMB-CNM)
Comparative study of different APD
Determination of working conditions
Protocole to characterize APD
USC’08
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

22. CALIFA BARREL: Prototyping
ProtoZero construction and test
USC’05
USC’06
15 ch CsI(Tl) + APD+ FEE
Tests detector response
- CMAM April 2009
- TSL May 2009
- TUD July 2009
19F(p,ag)16O
USC’08
6.2 MeV
M. Gascón, USC PhD, 2010
M. Gascón et al., IEEE waiting for publication 2009
M. Gascón et al., IEEE Trans. Nuc. Sci. 58 (2008)1259
Validation of reconstruction software
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

23. CALIFA: Simulation USC’05 USC’06 USC’08
Included in the framework of R³B- simulation
coordinated by H. Alvarez
Complete response of CALIFA
- physics interactions
- geometrical effects
- interaction with matter
Detailed response of ProtoZero
Development of analysis software
Production, transport and collection of light
 optimize the crystal design
USC’08
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

24. Working Plan for next years
Crystal and APD test
Personnel USC: I. Durán, M. Gascón, D. Gonzalez, Postdoc
complete CsI(Tl) investigation end 2009
explore a “finger-like” solution for the forward endcap 2011
USC’05
USC’06
Simulation tools
Personnel USC: H.Alvarez, D. Cortina, M. Caamaño, E. Benjamim, Postdoc
complete response of the detector based in G4+ROOT end
explore crystal “light- guide” shape 2010
Construction of a forward prototype
Personnel USC: I. Durán, M. Gascón, D. Gonzalez, Postdoc, Technician
similar procedure as used for the BARREL 
USC’08
Beam tests with prototype
Personnel USC: D. Cortina, H. Alvarez, I. Durán, E. Benjamim, M. Gascón,
Postdoc, Technician
similar procedure as used for the BARREL 
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

25. CALIFA design evolution (2005-2009)
USC’06
USC’05
USC-IPNO
06-07’
USC’08
USC-UVi
BASIC NUMBERS
Crystal volume 40 to 150 cm3
Inner base area 2 to 8 cm2
Crystal lengh 10 to 22 cm
Crystals in BARREL ~ 3700
Crystals in ENDCAP ~ 950
weight (with CsI(Tl)) ~ 2500 kg
H. Alvarez-Pol et al., Nucl. Inst. & Meth. B 266 (2008) 1259
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

26. CALIFA BARREL DEMONSTRATOR
USC’05
DEMONSTRATOR (Max 20% of detector)  R3B iMoU (2008)
TEST OF DETECTOR PERFORMANCE AND PHYSICS PROGRAM
USC’06
BARREL
~ 1000 crystals (35-60 degrees)
USC proposed contribution 300 k€
CsI(Tl) + APD
conceptual design
participate in the assembly and commissioning phase
develop an experimental programm
USC’08
UVi proposed contribution 99 K€
engineering design
construction of the mechanical structure
Proposal of CALIFA demonstrator ( CALIFA BD1)
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
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27. CALIFA from conceptual to engineering design (2009)
USC’05
V 6.1 USC-UVi
BARREL : Alveoli with four symmetrical crystals.
Total of 912 alveoli, with 6 different alveolar geometries.
Total of crystals 3648 with only 7 different crystal types.
FORWARD ENDCAP :Alveoli filled with three different crystals.
Total of 317 alveoli, with 4 different alveolar geometries.
Total of 951 crystals with only 12 different types.
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

28. CALIFA engineering design
USC’05
USC’06
Fields of research
Extremely complex and non-linear FEM for anisotropic materials (i.e: carbon fiber with epoxy)
Prototyping by Laser Rapid prototype methode
Develope prototypes using final materials ( CFR, KRFR)
Real tests using SFF and FBF techniques
Investigate new systems and materials for the mechanical support
Looking for and adequate cooling system
USC’08
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
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29. CALIFA DEMONSTRATOR USC’05 USC’06 USC’08 Goals
Get real data of the mechanical, thermics, physics and accessibility capabilities of the detector.
Identify with great detail mechanical difficulties that could came up at the real construction and assembly stage.
Innitiate technical contacts with manufacture companies that could assume the construction responsibility.
Improve and create new systems able to provide better measurements.
Validate the FEM analysis used for the final detector design.
USC’05
USC’06
USC’08
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009

30. Working Plan for next years
General design studies
Personnel USC: H. Alvarez, I. Durán
Personnel UVi: J. A. Vilán, M. López, Student
Detailed design of barrel part  2009
Design of the forward encup  2012
USC’05
USC’06
Mechanical structure
Personnel UVi: J. A. Vilán, M. López, A. Segade
Implementation and validation of the mechanical structure 2010
Definition of the functional mechanics  2010
NURBS modeling 
Determination of FRP  2010
Manufacture of physical prototypes and testing
USC’08
Participation in the demonstrator construction
Personnel USC: H. Alvarez, I. Durán, M. Caamaño, D. Cortina, D. González
+ Technician, Personnel UVi: J. A. Vilán, A.F. Vilán, A. Segade, Student
Definition and design of the demostrator  2010
Design of the mechanical structure  2010
Purchasing components 2011
Participation in the assembly and commisioning
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
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31. Budget Summary USC’05 USC’06 USC’08 USC Present facilities PROGRAMME
Personnel (1PhD, 1 PostDoc) k€
Travel (4 Doctors , 4 Students) 100 k€
Equipment k€
UVi R&D PROGRAMME
Personnel k€
Equipment k€
Travel k€
Participation Demonstrator 70 k€ (99 K€*)
USC R&D PROGRAMME
Travel (4 Doctors , 4 Students) k€
Equipment k€
Beam times k€
Participation Demonstrator k€
USC’08
* Including part of personnel
Additional personnel request :
FPI Student + Technical support
Additional personnel request :
FPI Student + Technical support
Plan Nacional Física de Partículas
Evaluation Pannel. May 2009