1. 제 19 장 < 분사 와 분사 구문 >

2. (현재분사): be + ~ing => 진행형 (과거분사): be + p.p. => 수동형
◈ 분사 => 동사 + (형용사) 의 성질을 가짐
(현재분사): be + ~ing => 진행형
(과거분사): be + p.p. => 수동형
have + p.p. => 완료형
He was swimming in the river.
The work must be done by him.
I have been sick since last Sunday.
A) 한정적 용법
(1) 현재분사: 능동적, 진행 의미
(2) 과거분사: 수동 의미
The barking dog does not bite. (능동 의미)
Look at the boy running along the street. (진행 의미)
Look at that broken window.
He has many books written in English.

3. The student came running. He sat surrounded by the children.
(1) 주격보어
(2) 목적격 보어
The student came running.
He sat surrounded by the children.
I was excited.(人주어) ※
It was exciting.(物주어)
interested, bored, surprised
interesting,boring,surprising
I saw him crossing the bridge.
He heard his name called.
※ have(=get)+O+P.P:①사역:~시키다 ②수동:~당하다
① I will have (=get) my hair cut today.
② I had my purse stolen.
I had the car washed by Tom ※have+O(物)+P.P
=>I had the car ※have+人+ 원형
I got my dress.※get+人+ to부정사
=>I got my dress made by the tailor.※get+O(物)+P.P
Tom wash
the tailor to make

4. A) 시간,때( when, as, while, after…)
◈분사구문(分詞句文):
부사절을 분사 이용 부사구로
{방법}1. 종속절(부사절) 접속사 없앤다.
2. 종속절 주어가 주절 주어와 같을 때 생략
3. 종속절 동사를 분사형으로 고침
A) 시간,때( when, as, while, after…)
When he saw his dog, he said, “ Go home.”
=>
While I was walking along the street, I met Tom.
Seeing his dog, he said, “ Go home.”
Walking along the street, I met Tom.
B) 원인, 이유( because, as, since…)
As she is kind, she is loved by everybody.
=>
Since I live in the country, I have few visitors.
Being kind, she is loved by everybody.
Living in the country, I have few visitors.

5. If you turn to the left, you will find the hospital. =>
C) 조건 (if)
If you turn to the left, you will find the hospital.
=>
Turning to the left, you will find the hospital.
D) 양보 (though)
Though I live next door, I seldom see him.
=>
Living next door, I seldom see him.
E) 부대상황: (1) 동시동작 : as, while => ~ 하면서
(2) 동작의 연속: and + 동사
(1) 동시동작 : as, while => ~ 하면서
As she was listening to music, she was reading a book.
=>
While she smiled brightly, she extended her hand.
Listening to music, she was reading a book.
Reading a book, she was listening to music.
Smiling brightly, she extended her hand.

6. ☞ 분사구문 의미 파악=>접속사를 사용한 의미 파악
As we sang and danced together, we had a good time.
=>
Singing and dancing together, we had a good time.
We had a good time singing and dancing together.
(2) 동작의 연속 :and + 동사
I started at nine, and arrived there at night.
=> I started at nine,
He picked up a stone, and threw it at a dog.
=> He picked up a stone,
arriving there at night.
throwing it at a dog.
☞ 기타 부대상황 표현…
She sat there with her eyes closed.
He worked with his new clothes on.
☞ 분사구문 의미 파악=>접속사를 사용한 의미 파악
He often makes mistakes (when) speaking English.

7. As I do not know his address, I cannot write to him. =>
◈{분사구문 부정} : not(=never) + 분사
As I do not know his address, I cannot write to him.
=>
As I did not receive any answer, I wrote to him again.
Not knowing his address, I cannot write to him.
Not receiving any answer, I wrote to him again.
◈{수동태 분사구문}
As he was surprised at the news, he could say nothing.
=>
Being surprised at the news, he could say nothing.
Surprised at the news, he could say nothing.
◈{완료형 분사구문}
After he had finished the work, he went to bed.
=>
As I have done my homework, I can play now.
Having finished the work, he went to bed.
Having done my homework, I can play now.

8. As it was fine, we went out for a walk. =>
◈{독립분사구문}:
주어 다를 때 분사 앞에 주어 표시
As it was fine, we went out for a walk.
=>
When school was over, I went to the game room.
It being fine, we went out for a walk.
School being over, I went to the game room.
◈{무인칭 독립분사 구문} : 주어가 막연한 사람
( If we speak generally, the earth is round.)
=> Generally speaking, the earth is round.
※일반적 으로 말하면
Considering his age, he looks young.
※ ~을 고려하면,~에 비하면
=> If we consider his age, he looks young.

9. strictly speaking :(엄밀히 말하면) honestly speaking :(정직하게 말하면)
※ generally speaking :(일반적으로 말하면)
strictly speaking :(엄밀히 말하면)
frankly speaking :(솔직히 말하면)
honestly speaking :(정직하게 말하면)
truthfully speaking :(사실적으로 말하면)
subjectively speaking :(주관적으로 말하면)
roughly speaking :(대충 말하면)
objectively speaking :(객관적으로 말하면)
※ talking of :~로 말하면
※ judging from :~로 판단하면