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Elements of Art Principles of Design How are these tools relevant in my photography?
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Elements of Art Line. Shape & Form. Value. Color. Space. Texture
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Elements of Art Line. Shape & Form. Value. Color. Space. Texture
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“ ” A photograph is usually looked at - seldom looked into. Ansel Adams
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~ - ~ - ~ - ~Line ~ - ~ - ~ -~ A point moving in space. A line can be an actual object (i.e. railroad tracks), or it can be implied (i.e. geese flying in a “V”).
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Harry Callahan
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Michael Kenna
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Form Shape & Form Shape = 2D; geometric or organic shapes. In photography, shapes are seen in wheels, road signs, windows, a silhouette of a face, a wet footprint, shadows, etc. Form = 3D; how the lighting in a photo hits your object will determine whether it looks flat (2D) or has form/volume (3D). Starn Brothers
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Michael Kenna Starn Brothers
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COLOR In photography, when talking about color, you’re talking about light. For our purposes, it is the hue or “name” of a visual light source. Cameras do not see color, they see value (specifically, 18% gray). David Haxton
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value Value refers to the quality of light, the black white and shades of gray within a photo. This is sometimes referred to as Low Key and High Key; low key is a photo that’s mostly dark, while high key is a photo with mostly light, or white values. Michael Kenna Sally Mann
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Space The arrangement of objects within a photograph. Depth of field can help a photographer manipulate space (i.e. what’s near, far, and in or out of focus). Barbara Callahan
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Robert Frank Starn Brothers
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Texture This element appeals to the sense of touch. In photography, it is often what makes a photo look more believable, more 3D (i.e. rusty metal, glass, gravel, bricks, plastic). Starn Brothers
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Edward Weston Robert Frank
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Principles of Design Balance. Unity. Variety. Movement & Rhythm. Emphasis. Proportion. Pattern. Use the elements of art to achieve the principles of design…
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Balance The arrangement of elements within a composition to create visual stability. Can be symmetrical (mirror image), asymmetrical (uses size/placement of objects in an “uncentered” way yet still appear visually balanced), or radial (circular style where objects radiate from a central point in an image). Christen Berry Paul Strand
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Balance, cont. James Nachtwey
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Unity When all individual parts of your photograph come together and support each other to make one unified image. Annie Leibovitz- “Steve Martin” Annie Leibovitz- “Keith Haring”
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Variety The diversity of elements and principles found in a composition. Cindy Sherman
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Variety, cont. Dorothea Lange
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Movement Can be real, as in the movement of actual objects in the frame; or, can be implied, as in the way a viewer’s eye travels through a picture. Richard Avedon
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Rhythm Created by the organized repetition of art elements (or objects). Sebastiao Salgado
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Rhythm, cont.
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Emphasis Refers to the dominance and subordination of objects in the picture plane. Andy Goldsworthy Annie Leibovitz- “Cate Blanchett”
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Proportion The relative size of one element in a picture to another. David Eggleston
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Proportion, cont. Sebastiao Salgado
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Pattern Achieved by the repetition of any of the elements of art. Even random shapes which are similar can create a pattern. The key to pattern is repetition. Andy Goldsworthy
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