1. Cognitive Demands Revealed

2. Cognitive demands Describe the cognitive expectations associated with a learning task, the thinking that goes along with the doing Are an integral part of teaching and learning science Are differentiated from one another by the way knowledge is used rather than by the degree of rigor associated with a particular demand; they are not hierarchical Are interdependent and in effective science instruction, seldom appear in isolation

3. Cognitive demand categories include Designing Technological/Engineering Solutions Using Science Concepts Demonstrating Science Knowledge Interpreting and Communicating Science Concepts Recalling Accurate Science

5. Requires students to Solve science-based engineering or technological problems Within given scientific constraints Propose and critique solutions Analyze and interpret engineering and technological problems Anticipate effects of engineering or technological design Consider consequences and alternatives Integrate and synthesize scientific information

6. Requires students to use scientific inquiry to Ask questions Plan and conduct investigations Gather and organize data Think critically and logically about relationships between evidence and explanations Construct and analyze alternative explanations Communicate scientific arguments

7. Requires students to Use subject-specific knowledge to interpret and explain events, phenomena, and concepts using grade- appropriate scientific terminology and technical and mathematical knowledge Communicate with clarity, focus, and organization using investigative scenarios, real-world data, and valid scientific information

8. Requires students to Provide accurate statements about valid scientific facts, concepts, and relationships Provide rote responses Perform routine mathematical tasks

9. Visit ORC's Examining Cognitive Demands e-pub to learn more by listening to podcasts and reviewing examples.