1. Configuration: Axis of Rotation Paul Gipe & Assoc. HAWTVAWT

2. Wind Energy Conversion Devices Paul Gipe & Assoc. Drag Devices HAWT (Seldom) VAWT (Often) First Choice of “Inventors” Lift Devices HAWT (Dominant) VAWT (Rare)

3. VAWT Configurations Paul Gipe & Assoc.

4. Persian Panemone Paul Gipe & Assoc.

5. VAWTs Drag Device (Paddles) Paul Gipe & Assoc.

6. Savonius or “S” Rotors Paul Gipe & Assoc.

7. VAWT Magnus Effect Paul Gipe & Assoc.

8. VAWT Nomenclature Paul Gipe & Assoc.

9. VAWTs  Darrieus 4 Blades Paul Gipe & Assoc.

10. VAWTs  Darrieus 3 Blades Paul Gipe & Assoc.

11. VAWTs  Darrieus 2 Blades Paul Gipe & Assoc. Tehachapi Pass, Calif.

12. VAWTs  Darrieus 2 Blades Paul Gipe, wind-works.org Atlantic Wind Test Site, PEI

13. VAWTs  Darrieus Bi-Blade Paul Gipe & Assoc.

14. VAWTs Cantilevered Paul Gipe & Assoc.

15. Giromills Articulating Straight Blade VAWT Paul Gipe & Assoc.

16. Giromill Articulating Straight Blade VAWT Paul Gipe & Assoc.

17. Giromill (McDonnell Aircraft) Paul Gipe & Assoc.

18. Giromill (McDonnell Aircraft) High Hype Complex Costly DOE Boondoggle

19. Variable Geometry VAWT (Musgrove) Paul Gipe & Assoc. © PI Specialists

20. Technology Pathways VAWTS Paul Gipe & Assoc.

21. We Know What Works...and What Doesn’t Eole, Cap Chat © Vortec Paul Gipe, wind-works.org

22. HAWT Configurations Paul Gipe & Assoc.

23. Blades Paul Gipe & Assoc. Blade Number One to Many Blade Materials Cloth to High-Tech Blade Shape Simple to “Shark Fin” Blade Color

24. Blade Number Paul Gipe & Assoc. 1 Blade 2 Blades 3 Blades Multiblade Farm Windmill No Blades No, Really

25. One-Blade Turbines Paul Gipe & Assoc. Lightweight Only One Blade Small Gearbox High RPM Noisy Complex Rotor Odd

26. One-Blade Turbines Paul Gipe & Assoc.

27. Small One-Blade Turbines Paul Gipe & Assoc.

28. Two Blades Paul Gipe & Assoc. Lighter than Three Static Balance Dynamic Imbalance in Yaw Teetering Hub Pitch-Coupled Teetering Higher RPM than Three Noisier than Three Visual Imbalance

29. Two-Blade Turbines Paul Gipe & Assoc.

30. Two-Blade Turbines

31. Paul Gipe & Assoc.

32. Two-Blade Turbines Paul Gipe & Assoc.

33. Two-Blade Turbines Paul Gipe & Assoc.

34. Two Blade Turbines Paul Gipe & Assoc.

35. Two-Blade Turbines Paul Gipe & Assoc.

36. Two-Blade Turbines Paul Gipe & Assoc.

37. Three Blades Paul Gipe & Assoc. Dynamic Balance in Yaw Complicates Erection Visually Balanced Lower RPM Bigger Gearbox Can Use Simple Hub

38. Three Blades Paul Gipe & Assoc. Dynamic Balance in Yaw Complicates Erection Visually Balance Lower RPM Bigger Gearbox Can Use Simple Hub

39. Technology Pathways Paul Gipe & Assoc.

40. Blade Material Paul Gipe & Assoc. Cloth Sail Wing, Cretan, etc. Wood Planks Composites Metal Fiberglass GFRP GFRE CFRE

41. Cloth Blades Paul Gipe & Assoc.

42. Wood Blades Paul Gipe & Assoc.

43. Composite Wood Blades Paul Gipe & Assoc.

44. Multiblade Paul Gipe & Assoc.

45. Metal Blades Paul Gipe & Assoc. Aluminum Steel

46. Fiberglass Blades Paul Gipe & Assoc.