1. The Rise of Brazil and South America March 25, 2014

2. Overview Brazilian diplomacy: methods and mechanisms Three keys to Brazil’s rise Why South America? Power without leadership

3. Why this case? Another example of FP challenges of an emerging power The role of soft power in gaining global influence The impact of cooperation between emerging powers in building their influence

4. Brazil: Emerging power Fifth largest country (size & population) Eighth largest economy High rates of growth, stability and FDI Self-sufficient in energy Long standing diplomatic tradition However challenges remain  World cup protests, favelas

6. Brazilian diplomacy: methods and mechanisms Brazilian foreign policy principles: Sovereignty and non-intervention Pacifism Respect for international law and the defense of multilateralism

7. Brazilian diplomacy: methods and mechanisms Emphasis on development  Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Political autonomy

8. The principles and objectives lead to several competing foreign policy traditions of Brazil: Brazil being between pragmatic association with the United States and diversification Realist-based discourse of Brazil about world politics - that is state-centric and power-based Brazilian relations with “unsavory” regimes

9. Three keys to Brazil’s rise The role of South America Multilateralism South-South cooperation

10. The Role of South America Eliminate past sources of tension with Argentina and strengthen democratic process at home. Prepare Brazilian productive sector for global competition. Steps toward international recognition Corrective to increased US influence

11. Brazil resumed and intensified its participation as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. It increased its involvement in UN peacekeeping missions. Gaining a permanent seat in the UNSC has become somewhat of a Brazilian obsession since the mid-1990s. Multilateralism

12. Active participant in multilateral trade negotiations conducted within the framework of GATT Originally favored the creation of the World Trade Organization as a means of creating more effective rules to protect its weaker members South-South cooperation

13. Why South America? Brazil-Argentina: From Rivalry to Rapprochement  Bilateral integration viewed as the necessary starting point for a wider sub- regional process from the start  Seen as allowing Brazil to position itself in region and globally (Mercosur, FTAA, Integration of Regional Infrastructure, South American Community of Nations).

14. Power without leadership Do see shift from non-interference to non- intervention But… Failure to provide leadership with Colombia Reluctance to shoulder cost of regional integration Lack regional recognition.

15. Brazil has had to contend with at least one other Latin American competitor for regional power and influence (e.g. Venezuela). Brazilian diplomats cautious of openly questioning Washington.

16. Lessons for emerging powers What lessons does the Brazil case suggest for emerging powers?

17. Emerging powers: Opportunities & challenges Collaboration with other nations can play an important role in the rise of emerging powers However, can also been impediment to recognition as leader from those same countries Tension of when to collaborate with & when to challenge major powers

18. Conclusions See certain degree of contradiction in its foreign policy, in part a reflection of lack of vision of its place in world Has been able to achieve significant influence and power on global stage strictly through soft power Personalities of its leaders has played important role in its rise