1. Flow Control Analysis & Design Tool: Flowcharts
Flowchart - a graphical way of writing algorithms
Rectangle is used for calculations
Parallelogram is used for input and output
Circle is used as connector
Diamond is used as decision
Symbols are connected by arrows to represent the order of the operations

2. Flowcharts Symbols: Calculations
Calculations (e.g. arithmetic expressions) are shown in rectangles
Examples:
Total = Cost + Tax
Total = Cost + Tax
Num = Num + 1 (add one to the current value of Num and make that the new value of Num)
Num = Num + 1

3. Flowcharts Symbols: Input/Output
Data input and output are shown in parallelograms
Input means a read operation of data from a peripheral device to memory (e.g. a user typing in data at a keyboard)
READ Num
WRITE Num
Output means a write operation of data to a peripheral device from memory (e.g. data displayed to the monitor)

4. Flowcharts Symbols: Decisions
Decisions are shown within diamonds and specify a condition to be tested
Based on the condition being TRUE or FALSE, the next operation will be determined
Gross > 50000
Rate = 0.31
Rate = 0.28
True
False
A decision is composed of :
A condition
An operation to be done if condition is TRUE
Possibly an operation to be done if condition is FALSE

5. Flowcharts Symbols: Start and End
Every algorithm starts somewhere and terminates somewhere
Every flowchart must have one start symbol and one end symbol
Start and end symbols are ovals
start
square = num x num
input num
print square
A start symbol denotes the start of the algorithm
stop
An end symbol indicates the algorithm has terminated

6. Sequential Algorithm Flowchart
Allow1 = Age1 x Rate
input Age1
start
Print Allow1
stop
prompt Age1
Allow2 = Age2 x Rate
Print Allow2
input Age2
prompt Age2
Pseudocode Algorithm:
PROMPT for Age of Child1
READ Age of Child1
PROMPT for Age of Child2
READ Age of Child2
CALCULATE Allowance for Child1 = Age of Child1 x Rate
CALCULATE Allowance for Child2 = Age of Child2 x Rate
DISPLAY Allowance for Child1
DISPLAY Allowance for Child2

7. Selection Algorithm Flowchart
Allow = Age x YoungRate
start
Print Allow
stop
prompt Age
Allow = Age x OlderRate
Age < 10
FALSE
TRUE
input Age
Previous Pseudocode Algorithm:
PROMPT for Age
READ Age
IF Age less than 10
THEN CALCULATE Allowance = Age x YoungRate
ELSE CALCULATE Allowance = Age x OlderRate
DISPLAY Allowance

8. Looping Algorithm Flowchart
start
Display Total
stop
Read Age
Calc Allowance
KidsPaid < 3
FALSE
TRUE
KidsPaid = 0
Total = 0
Add Allowance to Total
Increment KidsPaid
Prompt Age
Looping Algorithm Flowchart
Previous Pseudocode Algorithm:
Set KidsPaid to 0
Set Total to 0
WHILE KidsPaid < 3 DO
PROMPT for Age
READ Age
CALCULATE Allowance = Age x Rate
ADD Allowance to Total
INCREMENT KidsPaid
DISPLAY Total