1. RUSSIAN REVOLUTION chapter 11.5

2. CHARACTERISTICS OF 19TH CENTURY CZARS
Autocracy
Harsh measures against opponents
Secret police
Pogroms
Oppression of non-Russians
Resistance to change

3. EVENTS OF 1905 Bloody Sunday
200,000 workers march on czar’s winter palace
Troops fire on crowd, 1,000 + killed
Creation of Duma
First parliament of Russia
Czar forced to share power; dissolved it after 10 weeks

4. NICHOLAS II’s MISTAKES
Brought Russia into WWI
Moved Headquarters to front in WWI
Czarina Alexandra given power; she became influenced by Rasputin
Rasputin was freaky, crazy, and corrupt
People poor and starving; lots of unrest

5. THE MARCH REVOLUTION MARCH 1917 (February in Russian Calendar)
200,000 workers march on St. Petersburg (Petrograd) over bread and fuel shortages
Czar’s soldiers joined the crowds
“DOWN WITH AUTOCRACY!”

6. CZAR'S FAMILY EXECUTED IN...
NICHOLAS II ABDICATES
CZAR'S FAMILY EXECUTED IN...
1918

7. PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT
Temporary Government
Led by:
Alexander Kerensky
But the Provisional Government did not have as much power as the…

8. SOVIETS
Formed by social revolutionaries
Local councils in cities
Consisted of workers, peasants, and soldiers

9. MISTAKES OF PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT
Biggest mistake: kept Russia in World War One
Also, did not help workers or peasants with food and fuel shortages
Lost all support!

10. NOVEMBER REVOLUTION Led by:
Vladimir Lenin, leader of Bolshevik Party (Communists!)
His slogan:
“Peace, Land, and Bread”
Bolshevik Red Guards took over gov’t offices; arrested Prov. Gov’t leaders
Bolsheviks in power November 1917

11. All farmland distributed to peasants Factories controlled by workers
LENIN'S FIRST MOVES...
All farmland distributed to peasants
Factories controlled by workers
End Russia’s involvement in WWI
Gained many opponents, leading to Russian Civil War

12. RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR 1918-1920 WINNERS! LOSERS! RED ARMY Bolsheviks
(Communists!)
Led by…Leon Trotsky
WHITE ARMY
Opponents of Bolsheviks in Russia; western nations like the USA
15 million dead!
WINNERS!
LOSERS!

13. RESULTS OF THE CIVIL WAR
Red Army crushes all opposition to Bolshevik rule
Russian economy destroyed: no trade or industrial production

14. BOLSHEVIKS BECOME KNOWN AS…
THE COMMUNIST PARTY
(still led by Lenin)

15. THE NEW ECONOMIC POLICY 1921
To help Russia recover from the war Lenin allowed for a little bit of capitalism
Peasants could sell surplus (extra) crops for profit
Individuals could buy and sell goods for profit
Some small factories, farms, and businesses allowed

16. NEW COUNTRY Lenin organized Russia into self-governing republics
Central Government controlled them!
1922: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
Capital: Moscow
Lenin had created a “Dictatorship of the Communist Party”
This becomes known as Leninism

17. Soviet Union Moving Forward
1924 – Lenin dies
Power struggle between Leon Trotsky & Joseph Stalin
Stalin wins, Trotsky murdered
Stalin turns to ruthless measures to win dictatorial power