1. SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES

2. OUTLINE FOR THIS PRESENTATION  Security of nuclear materials in the U.S. before and after September 11, 2001  Issuance of increased security orders to nuclear materials licensees, and subsequent inspections  Final rulemaking to incorporate increased security orders into the regulatory framework  Overview of these additional security requirements for industrial radiography operations

3. THE EVENTS OF SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 CHANGED THE WAY THE UNITED STATES LOOKED AT NUCLEAR SECURITY

4. NUCLEAR SECURITY BEFORE SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 Before 9/11, robust security rules were only in place for nuclear power plants and enrichment facilities

5. NUCLEAR SECURITY BEFORE SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 Nuclear materials licensees only had to comply with basic security requirements

6. After 9/11, we had to change our mind set about the safety- security interface Increasing the security of nuclear materials could promote public health and safety on a large scale NUCLEAR SECURITY AFTER SEPTEMBER 11, 2001

7. Since rule making takes time, we had to find a way to increase the security of nuclear materials in the interim NUCLEAR SECURITY AFTER SEPTEMBER 11, 2001

8. The NRC issued security orders to licensees authorized to possess nuclear materials, to include industrial radiography companies These radiography licensees were issued the Increased Controls Order, which required them to enhance their security measures by including such elements as the ability to monitor, detect, assess, and respond to any actual or attempted theft of nuclear material

9. OUTREACH TO REGULATED COMMUNITY The NRC discussed the upcoming changes to the security rules in several ways: Published new requirements in the Federal Register Held stakeholder/public meetings to discuss these new requirements with radiographers Published guidance on ways to comply with new security requirements

10. After these increased security orders were issued to industrial radiography licensees, the NRC would perform unannounced inspections annually Some of these inspections were performed at the licensee’s main office, and some of the inspections were performed at temporary job sites Some of the locations inspected were radiography trucks parked in hotel parking lots, restaurants, and actual work locations

11. Questions about the issuance of security orders ?

12. PHYSICAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR CATEGORY 1 AND CATEGORY 2 QUANTITIES OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL

13. BACKGROUND INVESTIGATIONS: ARE THEY TRUSTWORTHY? Workers that are granted unescorted access to nuclear material must have a background check that includes: Fingerprinting Verification of true identity Employment history verification Education verification Personal reference checks

14. PHYSICAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS DURING USE AND STORAGE Licensees shall have the ability to monitor, detect, assess, and respond to any unauthorized access to nuclear materials Nuclear material shall be secured behind two physical barriers when not in use Information detailing the security plan must be protected from unauthorized disclosure

15. PHYSICAL PROTECTION DURING TRANSPORT AND TRANSFER Licensees transferring nuclear material to another licensee are required to verify that the license is valid, and authorizes receipt of that type of material Licensees shipping nuclear material are required to pre-plan and coordinate the shipment with the company they are sending it to Licensees are required to use shipping companies that have package tracking systems

16. IN SUMMARY  The United States has taken large measures to increase the security of nuclear materials since 9/11  Even with the increased security measures in place, NRC inspectors still occasionally find unsecured radiography cameras containing nuclear material  Questions ???