1. Fluid technologies for a better world ™ Durability and Retention of Performance In Hydraulic Fluids

2. Hydraulic Equipment Trends Systems are becoming smaller Reduced reservoir sizes Operating pressures are increasing Higher lubricant temperatures Drain intervals are increasing Increased focus on cleanliness/filterability Noise Legislation Less oil + More Work = Increased oil stress

3. Demands Continue to Increase Additives are consumed at a greater rate in providing protection in these harsher systems. With less oil in the system and expectations for longer lifetimes, a greater performance reserve is essential. Additive quality and careful formulating are more critical then ever before.

4. Questions “Will your product continue to protect my pumps?” “Will your product retain its demulsibility characteristics with service?” “What is the expected oxidation life of your fluid?”

5. Specifications Not very dynamic Little change in OEM specifications over past years.

6. Market Overview and Trends Pump Specifications Performance Change Time 1997 - Denison HF-2 (Wet/Dry Operation T6C Vane Pump Test Replaces T5C) 1978 - Vickers 35VQ25 (Vane Pump Wear) 1977 - Denison HF-0 (Vane/T5C and Piston Pump/P46 wear) 1974 - Cincinnati Milacron (Valve Sticking ) 1971 - Denison HF-2 (Vane Pump Wear) 1950 General Antiwear - Vickers V104C (Vane Pump Wear) 2004 - Denison HF-0 T6H20C hybrid pump (obsoleted T6C/P46 pumps)

7. Specifications “Why haven’t specifications kept up with demands?” “How do we measure demands if the specifications haven’t changed?”

8. Durability and Retention of Performance Study Mono-grade –Lubrizol 5178F + Group I Base Stock Multi-grade –Lubrizol 5178F + Lubrizol 7775 + Group I Base Stocks

9. Durability Study Use of industry standard pump tests –Extend length of test –Run at elevated temperatures

10. Pump Conditions Denison T-5D Vane Pump Fluid Volume50 US gallons Test temperature 160 ± 5°F for 60 hours 210 ± 5°F for 20 hours Test Duration100 Hours Pressure 2500 ± 25 psi Pump Speed 2400 ± 60 rpm Flow rate70 US gallons/min. Assessment/Requirements All components are assessed visually for signs of wear and discoloration at the EOT

11. Pump Conditions Vickers 35VQ25 Fluid Volume52 US gallons Test temperature200 ± 5°F Test Duration50 hrs x 3 cartridges (extended to 1000hours) Pressure 3000 psi Pump Speed 2400 ± 60 rpm Flow rate38 US gallons/min. Assessment/Requirements Cam and ring weight loss = 90 mg. max.

12. Pump Conditions Sundstrand Piston pump – Series 22 Fluid Volume12 US gallons Test temperature 180 °F (1% water added) Heat stressed 250°F Test Duration225 Hours, double length 450 hrs Pressure 5000 psi Pump Speed 3100 rpm Flow rate25 gallons/min. Assessment/Requirements All components are assessed visually for signs of wear and discoloration at the EOT

13. Durability Standard vs. Extended Length Vickers 35VQ, Vane Pump (Weight Loss) Fail (90) *12.3 mg 27 mg * Average of 3 Runs Total Ring & Vane Wt. Loss 47 mg Performance Reserve Performance Reserve Performance Reserve Hours

14. Sundstrand Piston Pump Standard Tests Double Length Hours 250  180  00 Stressed (High Temperature) Temperature  F

15. Durability Conclusions Eaton Vickers 35VQ25 vane pump. –Fluid robustness to exceed 1000 hours and remain within weight loss limits Sunstrand Piston Pump –Endurance to exceed limits of both higher temperatures and extended test duration Denison T5-D Vane Pump –Used to generate stressed fluid for Retention of Performance portion of program.

16. Retention of Performance Use of standard bench tests –D 943, Oxidation –D 2619, Hydrolytic Stability –D 4310,1000 Hour Sludge –D 2070, Cincinnati Thermal Stability –Denison Filterability, TP-02100-A. –Other Tests

17. Retention of Performance Oxidation D-943 (After Group I Vane Pump Testing) (Hours to 2.0 NNA) New After After New After After Oil T5D 35VQ Oil T5D 35VQ (200 hr) (200 hr) Denison HF-O Spec ISO 32 Multi-Grade Performance Reserve Performance Reserve

18. Retention of Performance Sludging D-4310 (After Vane Pump Testing) (mg Sludge) Fail T5D35VQ T5D 35VQ Multi-Grade Performance Reserve Performance Reserve Performance Reserve Performance Reserve 11.3 59.3 27.1 109.2 ISO 32

19. Retention of Performance Thermal Stability D-2070 (After Group I Vane Pump Testing ) (mg/100 ml Sludge) Fail Performance Reserve Performance Reserve Performance Reserve Performance Reserve 11.5 24.5 8.6 1.4 T5D 35VQ T5D 35VQ ISO 32Multi-Grade

20. Hydrolytic Stability - D-2619 (After Pump Testing) Copper Wt Loss (mg/cm 2 ) 0.090 0.085 0.13 0.02 HF-O Fail Limits ISO 32 Performance Reserve

21. Hydrolytic Stability - D-2619 (After Pump Testing) Copper Wt Loss (mg/cm 2 ) 0.20 0.138 0.055 0.118 0.19 HF-O Fail Limits Multi-Grade Performance Reserve

22. Retention of Performance Other Tests After Denison Piston pump After Sunstrand 250 hours After Vickers 35VQ25 Rust D 665 Part A Part B Pass Demulsibility D 1401 Oil/ water/emul (min.)41/39/0 (30)37/23/20 (60)39/40/1 (15) Foam D 892 Seq I Seq II Seq III 80 – 0 20 – 0 30 - 0 80 – 0 20 – 0 30 - 0

23. Summary: Performance can be evaluated beyond specification and requirements using existing pump tests Bench Testing of stressed fluids can demonstrate Retention of Performance

24. Conclusions: Hydraulic fluids formulated with a premium anti-wear package can provide the benefits of Durability and Retention of Performance Hydraulic fluids having these qualities are not commodities but are true Specialty Fluids for modern equipments