1. Chapter 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

2. Anatomy & Physiology Gk. anatom upcut Gk. physiología science of natural causes FORMFUNCTION

3. “All specific functions are performed by specific structures” pg. 4 automobile analogy

4. Anatomy Gross surface regional systemic developmental (embryology) clinical visible with eye

5. Anatomy Microscopic anatomy cytology (Chapter 3) histology (Chapter 4)

6. Physiology cell- special- systemic- pathological- “cornerstone” e.g.,cardiac reprod. disease

7. Levels of Organization chemical cellular tissues organs organ systems organism chapter 2 chapter 3 chapter 4 chapters 5 to 29

8. Levels of Organization insert fig.1-1 pg. 7

9. Fluids: inside cells outside cells - cytoplasm intracellular (ICF) - tissue fluid extracellular (ECF)

10. Homeostasis Mechanisms to maintain stable internal environment the body monitors/adjusts: volume of body fluids composition of body fluids body temperature

11. Homeostatic regulation: autoregulation extrinsic regulation adjustment within organ… nervous/endocrine system

12. Homeostatic regulation: autoregulation low O 2 levels in organ -release chemicals -dilate blood vessels -bring in more O 2

13. Homeostatic regulation: extrinsic regulation control by nervous or endocrine system

14. Homeostatic regulation: nervous system responses are: rapid short-term specific e.g. reflex

15. Homeostatic regulation: endocrine system responses are: slower long term

16. Homeostatic regulation: keep internal environment within certain limits

17. Homeostatic regulation: Three part mechanism: receptor (stimulus) control center effector

18. Homeostatic regulation: room temperature: receptor control center effector thermometer thermostat air conditioner stimulus ? warm air

19. Homeostatic regulation: room temperature: warm air temperature turns on air conditioner cools air temperature effector negates stimulus negative feedback

20. fig. 1-3

21. Negative feedback: most commom thermoregulation “set point” “range”

22. fig. 1-4

23. Positive feedback: not as common exaggerated responses e.g., blood clot formation

24. fig. 1-5

25. Homeostasis: Mechanisms to maintain stable internal environment equilibrium body temperature balance dynamic

26. Homeostasis: systems influence each other their activity needs to be integrated

27. Table 1-1

28. Homeostasis: systems influence each other their activity needs to be integrated when malfunctions occurs: illness or disease

29. Anatomical references: Using in lab and lecture Based on: Latin Greek eponyms Homo sapiens pterygoid Golgi apparatus

30. Anatomical references: landmarks

31. fig. 1-6

32. Anatomical references: landmarks regions fig. 1-7

33. Anatomical directions reference is subject not observer anatomical position see fig. 1-8, pg. 18

34. Anatomical directions anteriorposterior ventraldorsal superiorinferior cranial caudal superficial deep proximal distal antonyms vs. synonyms

35. Anatomical planes and sections 3 planes transverse frontal (coronal) sagittal longitudinal) cranial/caudal dorsal/ventral left/right

36. Body cavities Most major organs are suspended in cavities embryologically:coelom

37. Body cavities 2 major cavities coelom diaphragm peritoneal (abdominopelvic) thoracic pleural peri- cardial 4 quiz?

38. Body cavities each cavity has two layers visceral parietal on organs outer wall

39. Body cavities fist balloon

40. Body cavities fist balloon

41. Body cavities fist balloon

42. Body cavities fist balloon

43. Body cavities Is the fist inside the balloon? fist balloon

44. Body cavities replace fist with heart ? cavity two layers inner (visceral) outer (parietal)

45. cavity miscellany peritoneal cavity (abdominopelvic) abdominal pelvic

46. Anatomical miscellany some “abdominal” organs are “behind” the peritoneal cavity retroperitoneal e.g., kidneys, etc

47. The Skeleton axial appendicular # 7 # 8

48. axial skeleton fig. 7-1

49. axial skeleton fig. 7-1b

50. The Skeleton appendicular pectoral girdle + append. pelvic girdle + append.

51. appendicular skeleton fig. 8-1

52. The Skeleton bone shape and structure

53. Joint Classsification (9) Synarthrosis Amphiarthrosis Diarthrosis no movement very little movement freely movable

54. Joint Classsification (9) Synarthrosis Amphiarthrosis Diarthrosis sutureparietal bones synchondrosisepiphyseal disc syndesmosistibia-fibula symphysispubis free movementmany

55. Joint Classsification (9) Diarthrosis diarthodial joints = synovial joints bone articular cartilage “ capsule synovial cavity “ fluid

56. Joint Classsification (9) ligaments ACL, PCL lateral col. meniscicart. patella

57. Joint Classsification (9) Diarthrosis diarthodial joints = synovial joints many different types

58. fig. 9-6