3. Tenderfoot Requirement #12
a. Demonstrate how to care for someone who is choking.
b. Show first aid for the following:
Simple cuts and scrapes
Blisters on the hand and foot
Minor (thermal/heat) burns or scalds (superficial, or first degree)
Bites and stings of insects and ticks
Venomous snakebite
Nosebleed
Frostbite and sunburn
Second Class Requirement #6
a. Show what to do for "hurry" cases of stopped breathing, serious bleeding, and ingested poisoning.
b. Prepare a personal first aid kit to take with you on a hike.
c. Demonstrate first aid for the following:
Object in the eye
Bite of a suspected rabid animal
Puncture wounds from a splinter, nail, and fishhook
Serious burns (partial thickness, or second degree)
Heat exhaustion
Shock
Heatstroke, dehydration, hypothermia, and hyperventilation

4. First Class Requirement #8
b. Demonstrate bandages for a sprained ankle. and for injuries on the head, the upper arm, and the collarbone.
c. Show how to transport by yourself, and with one other person, a person: from a smoke-filled room
with a sprained ankle, for at least 25 yards.
d. Tell the five most common signals of a heart attack.
e. Explain the steps (procedures) in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

5. Tenderfoot Requirement #12
a. Demonstrate how to care for someone who is choking.
b. Show first aid for the following:
Simple cuts and scrapes
Blisters on the hand and foot
Minor (thermal/heat) burns or scalds (superficial, or first degree)
Bites and stings of insects and ticks
Venomous snakebite
Nosebleed
Frostbite and sunburn

6. a. Demonstrate how to care for someone who is choking.
Heimlich maneuver
Step One: Ask the choking person to stand if he or she is sitting.
Step Two: Place yourself slightly behind the standing victim.
Step Three: Reassure the victim that you know the Heimlich maneuver and are going to help.
Step Four: Place your arms around the victim's waist.
Step Five: Make a fist with one hand and place your thumb toward the victim, just above his or her belly button.
Step Six: Grab your fist with your other hand.
Step Seven: Deliver five upward squeeze-thrusts into the abdomen.
Step Eight: Make each squeeze-thrust strong enough to dislodge a foreign body.
Step Nine: Understand that your thrusts make the diaphragm move air out of the victim's lungs, creating a kind of artificial cough.
Step Ten: Keep a firm grip on the victim, since he or she can lose consciousness and fall to the ground if the Heimlich maneuver is not effective.
Step Eleven: Repeat the Heimlich maneuver until the foreign body is expelled.

7. b. Show first aid for the following:
Simple cuts and scrapes
Blisters on the hand and foot
Simple Cut
Will have dirt ground into the skin, so make sure it is clean…you may have to scrub a little!
Bandage to keep clean and dry. Change dressing frequently if wound is seeping moisture.
Steps
Stop the bleeding
Clean the wound
Apply Antibiotic
Cover with band aid
Blisters
Usually form on the foot or the hands.
Common cause is from rubbing inside shoe or glove.
Treat as a wound – clean with soap and water. Usually don’t break deep blister.
Some superficial blisters can be lanced with a sterile needle, cleaned, and bandaged.
Keep off pressure by changing socks/gloves, bandage, or using moleskin.

8. b. Show first aid for the following:
Minor (thermal/heat) burns or scalds (superficial, or first degree)
Bites and stings of insects and ticks
First Degree Burns:
Skin is red, dry, and painful
Minimal swelling
Skin not broken
Tick Sting
Not poisonous
Can transmit Rocky Mountain spotted fever or Lyme disease
Tick embeds it’s mouth parts in skin and may remain for days
Removal
Do not try to remove an embedded tick by:
covering it with petroleum jelly
soaking it with bleach
burning it away
Allergic Reactions
Ask the person if they need help,
Then call 911 and help them use there
Meds like a epi-pen etc.
Bandage if necessary. Skin lotion may be helpful (Aloe) may not be needed.
Grasp close to skin with tweezers and pull gently until tick lets go, or slide credit card under from the rear

9. b. Show first aid for the following:
Venomous snakebite
Nosebleed
Venomous Snake Bite First Aid For:
Have victim lie down and stay calm (Keep bitten area immobile and below level of heart)
Call 911
Wash bite wound with soap and water
Remove jewelry or tight clothing before swelling
Do not try to catch snake but note appearance
Sit the person down with head held well forward
Do not let their head tip back - blood may run down throat
Pinch the nose firmly whilst bending forward just below the bridge
After ten minutes release the pressure
If there is still bleeding reapply the pressure for further periods of ten minutes
If the nose bleed persists beyond 30 minutes get help

10. b. Show first aid for the following: Frostbite Frostbite: Looks Like:
Skin looks waxy and white, gray, yellow, or bluish
Area is numb or feels tingly or aching
Severe frostbite:
Area feels hard
May become painless
After warming, area becomes swollen and may blister
First Aid For:
Move victim to warm environment
Hold frostbitten area in hands to warm it – do not rub
Remove any tight clothing or jewelry around area
Put dry gauze or fluffy cloth between frostbitten fingers or toes
Do not use fire, heat lamp, fire, heating pad to re-warm
Seek medical attention

11. = + b. Show first aid for the following: Sun Burn First Aid For:
Steps:
Get out of the sun. Staying in the sun after the burn is present will make it worse. Look for blisters. Blistering means the skin is completely damaged and complications are likely. If the area with blisters is bigger than one entire arm or the whole abdomen, seek medical attention by calling 911 or visiting the emergency department.
Take a cool shower or bath to soothe the pain.
Apply aloe or another cooling agent. Whatever you use - DO NOT APPLY BUTTER OR OIL TO ANY BURN!
Over the counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be used for the pain of a sunburn. If stronger pain relief is needed, contact a physician or go to the emergency department.

13. Second Class Requirement #6
a. Show what to do for "hurry" cases of stopped breathing, serious bleeding, and ingested poisoning.
b. Prepare a personal first aid kit to take with you on a hike.
c. Demonstrate first aid for the following:
Object in the eye
Bite of a suspected rabid animal
Puncture wounds from a splinter, nail, and fishhook
Serious burns (partial thickness, or second degree)
Heat exhaustion
Shock
Heatstroke, dehydration, hypothermia, and hyperventilation

14. Second Class Requirement #6
a. Show what to do for "hurry" cases of stopped breathing, serious bleeding, and ingested poisoning.
Stopped Breathing:
See the next set of slides:

15. If You Encounter An Unconscious Victim –> Do ABCs
Open
Airway
Check For
Breathing
Check
Circulation

16. A - Open Airway
B - Check for breathing

17. C - Circulation
Check a pulse – at wrist or throat

18. Practice
Check Pulses Now

19. Second Class Requirement #6
a. Show what to do for "hurry" cases of stopped breathing, serious bleeding, and ingested poisoning.
Stopped Breathing:
See slide #24
Rescue Breathing:
Serious Bleeding
See slide #28
Ingested Poison
See Slide #35

20. Rescue Breathing for Non-Breathing Adults

21. Rescue Breathing Start immediately if victim not breathing
Don’t forget to have someone call 911
It is possible that heart could still be beating – only rescue breathing needed.

22. Rescue Breathing Techniques
Position the victim on their back
Open the airway
Use a barrier device if you have one
Watch victim’s chest rise

23. One breath every five seconds

24. Dealing With Cuts and Bleeding

25. Bleeding Control
Best Methods Are:
Direct Pressure
Elevation

26. Apply pressure directly to the wound
Direct Pressure

27. Raise limb above heart level, keep applying pressure
Elevation

28. You Should Clean Most Wounds
Unless the wound is very large or bleeding seriously, clean the wound to help prevent infection
Wash your hands first and wear gloves if available

29. Signs and Symptoms of Infection
Pain
Pus
Fever
See a health care provider immediately
Wound area is red, swollen, and warm
Red streaks or trails on the skin near the wound

30. Scrapes / Abrasions
Will have dirt ground into the skin, so make sure it is clean…you may have to scrub a little!
Bandage to keep clean and dry. Change dressing frequently if wound is seeping moisture.

31. Poisoning

32. Small children love pretty bottles.
Swallowed Poisons
Small children love pretty bottles.
If someone is poisoned you could see nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, drowsiness, dizziness
Determine (if you can) what was swallowed, when, and how much.
Call Poison Control Center or 911

33. Carbon Monoxide Invisible, odorless, and tasteless—and very lethal
May be present from motor vehicle exhaust, a faulty furnace, fires, some camping heaters
Exposure to large amounts causes an immediate poisoning reaction
Get victim away from source

34. First Aid for Drug Overdose
Put unresponsive victim in recovery position, check ABCs, and call 911
For responsive victim ensure it is safe to approach
If behavior is erratic or violent, call 911 and stay away
Try to find out what drug is involved

35. Poison Plants

36. Poison Ivy
Poison Oak
Poison Sumac

37. First Aid for Poison Plants
Wash area thoroughly with soap and water
For severe reactions or swelling of face, victim needs medical attention
Treat itching with calamine lotion, topical hydrocortisone cream, and oral antihistamine
Wash clothing, shoes and pets

38. b. Prepare a personal first aid kit to take with you on a hike.
See the group leader so you can complete this requirement later.
c. Demonstrate first aid for the following:
Object in the eye
Bite of a suspected rabid animal
Object In The Eye
Do not rub eye
Gently pull upper eyelid out and down over lower eyelid – this sometimes works
Gently flush eye with water from medicine dropper or water glass – don’t allow water to run into other eye
If the particle is visible, carefully try to remove it with a clean cloth or clean gauze pad
If victim has any vision problems or pain, cover eye with sterile dressing and seek medical attention
For minor wounds. If the bite barely breaks the skin and there is no danger of rabies, treat it as a minor wound. Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water. Apply an antibiotic cream to prevent infection and cover the bite with a clean bandage.
For deep wounds. If the animal bite creates a deep puncture of the skin or the skin is badly torn and bleeding, apply pressure with a clean, dry cloth to stop the bleeding and see your doctor.
For infection. If you notice signs of infection, such as swelling, redness, increased pain or oozing, see your doctor immediately.
For suspected rabies. If you suspect the bite was caused by an animal that might carry rabies — including any wild or domestic animal of unknown immunization status — see your doctor immediately.
Need To Know

39. Apply a loose dry bandage and call 911
c. Demonstrate first aid for the following:
Puncture wounds from a splinter, nail, and fishhook
Serious burns (partial thickness, or second degree)
Puncture Wound:
If an object is embedded in the body don’t pull it out. Bandage in place and go to emergency room.
If the object has already been removed wash thoroughly – infection is more likely because germs have been pushed deeper in the body.
Depending on where and how deep – this may still need a doctor’s care – you can’t see how deep it went or what is going on inside the body.
Serious Burns
Skin is swollen and red, may be blotchy or streaked
Blisters that may be weeping clear fluid
Very Painful
Apply a loose dry bandage and call 911

40. c. Demonstrate first aid for the following:
Heat exhaustion
Shock
Heat Exhaustion:
Heat exhaustion develops when body becomes dehydrated in hot environment
Heavy sweating
Thirst
Fatigue
Heat cramps
Then
Headache
Dizziness
Nausea
Vomiting
Not enough blood is getting circulated around the body.
Untreated – it can lead to death.
Can be caused by all kinds to things like:
Severe bleeding
Heart problems
Nervous system injuries
Dehydration
Serious infections
Severe burns
Allergic reactions
First Aid For:
Move victim from heat to rest in cool place
Loosen or remove unnecessary clothing
Give sports drink or water to drink
Raise feet 8-12 inches
Put wet cloths on forehead and body or spray skin with water
Seek medical care if victim’s condition worsens or does not improve within 30 minutes
Maintain victim’s normal body temperature
Have victim lie on back and raise legs 8 to 12 inches (except with spine injury)

41. What is Shock? Not enough blood is getting circulated around the body.
Untreated – it can lead to death.
Can be caused by all kinds to things like:
Severe bleeding
Heart problems
Nervous system injuries
Dehydration
Serious infections
Severe burns
Allergic reactions

42. Shock, if untreated, can lead to death.
Shock Looks Like…
Scared/confusion
Dizziness
Pale/bluish skin
Cold/clammy skin
Rapid, shallow breathing
Nausea/vomiting
Thirst
Shock, if untreated, can lead to death.

43. First Aid for Shock Maintain victim’s normal body temperature
Have victim lie on back and raise legs 8 to 12 inches (except with spine injury)
Maintain victim’s normal body temperature

44. c. Demonstrate first aid for the following:
Heatstroke, dehydration, hypothermia, and hyperventilation
Heat Stroke:
A life-threatening emergency more common during hot summer periods
May develop slowly over several days or more rapidly with strenuous activity in the heat
Different from heat exhaustion:
Skin is flushed and feels very hot and dry to touch; skin may by pale, or may turn red if severe
Victim becomes confused, irrational, may become unresponsive or have convulsions
Dehydration:
Symptoms
thirst
less-frequent urination
dry skin
fatigue
light-headedness
dizziness
confusion
dry mouth and mucous membranes
increased heart rate and breathing
Treatment for dehydration:
If caught early, dehydration can often be treated at home under a physician's guidance. In children, directions for giving food and fluids will differ according to the cause of the dehydration, so it is important to consult your pediatrician.
In cases of mild dehydration, simple rehydration is recommended by drinking fluids. Many sports drinks on the market effectively restore body fluids, electrolytes, and salt balance.
For moderate dehydration, intravenous fluids may be required, although if caught early enough, simple rehydration may be effective. Cases of serious dehydration should be treated as a medical emergency, and hospitalization, along with intravenous fluids, is necessary. Immediate action should be taken.

45. c. Demonstrate first aid for the following:
hypothermia, and hyperventilation
Hypothermia:
Occurs when body cannot make heat as fast as it loses it
Internal body temperature drops below 95°F
Can occur whenever and wherever a person feels cold, including indoors in poorly heated areas
Symptoms
Shivering (but stops in severe hypothermia)
Confusion, or irrational
Lethargic, drowsiness
Pale, cool skin
Changing Levels of responsiveness
First Aid For:
Call 911 for all severe hypothermia victims
Quickly get victim out of cold, and remove wet clothing
Have victim lie down and cover with blankets
Serious cases need immediate medical care
Hyperventilation
Signs & Symptoms
Your heart pounds. It feels like you can't get enough air. You feel tingling and numbness in the arms, legs, and around the mouth. You feel a sense of doom. You may pass out.
Cure:
Open up a small paper bag. Loosely cover your nose and mouth with it. Breathe slowly into the bag. Re-breathe the air in the bag. Do this about 10 times. Set the bag aside. Breathe normally for a couple of minutes. Repeat the steps above for up to 15 minutes. Try to breathe slowly. Focus on taking one breath every 5 seconds.

47. First Class Requirement #8
b. Demonstrate bandages for a sprained ankle. and for injuries on the head, the upper arm, and the collarbone.
c. Show how to transport by yourself, and with one other person, a person: from a smoke-filled room
with a sprained ankle, for at least 25 yards.
d. Tell the five most common signals of a heart attack.
e. Explain the steps (procedures) in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

48. First Class Requirement #8
b. Demonstrate bandages for a sprained ankle. and for injuries on the head, upper arm and the collarbone.
Bandage For A Sprained Ankle
Immobilize area in position found
Put ice or cold pack on area
Wrap joint with compression bandage
Use soft splint to immobilize and support joint
Seek medical attention if appropriate
Injury To The Head
See the demonstration.
Upper Arm
See the demonstration
Collarbone

49. First Class Requirement #8
c. Show how to transport by yourself, and with one other person, a person: from a smoke-filled room
See slide 37
d. Tell the five most common signals of a heart attack.
Some Include:
Persistent pressure, tightness, ache, or pain in chest
Pain in neck, shoulders, or arms
Shortness of breath
Dizziness, lightheadedness, feeling of impending doom
Pale skin, sweating
Nausea
e. Explain the steps (procedures) in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
See slide 46

50. Use for short distances
Shoulder Drag
Support the head
Use for short distances

51. Use for short distances
Ankle Drag
Use for short distances

52. Packstrap Carry
Unresponsive victim who cannot safely be dragged

53. One Person Walking Assist
Responsive victim who can walk with help

54. Two Person Walking Assist

55. Fireman’s Carry
Use wrist lock
Note hand lock

56. Piggyback Carry
Lighter victim or child

57. Support victim’s head, use for longer distances
Blanket Drag
Support victim’s head, use for longer distances

58. Use this with two rescuers
Two-Handed Seat Carry
Use this with two rescuers

60. Performing CPR for Adults

61. Open airway

62. Look, listen and feel for breathing for up to 10 seconds

63. Use a barrier device if you have one.
If not breathing, give 2 breaths

64. Check pulse and look for signs of breathing, movement, coughing.

65. If no signs of circulation start CPR
Use heels of 2 hands and place in between nipples

66. Compressions at a rate of 100/min
Count: one, two, three … 30
Compressions at a rate of 100/min
In 2006 CPR to breath ratio changed to 30:2 !
Then give 2 breaths

67. Continue CPR until… Victim shows signs of circulation AED access
Help arrives
You are too tired to continue

70. Tender Foot Requirements

71. Second Class Requirements

72. First Class Requirements