1. Agenda Briefly review Quiz Briefly review worksheet Current Event
Intro to Enzymes and Penny-Picker
Enzyme Catalysis Pre-Lab
HW: Finish Pre-Lab (write individual preliminary procedure)
Gone Thursday? – must come Thursday morning to turn in your preliminary procedure and take exit slip

2. 2.1.I 2 pts per question Atomic # is Atomic mass is P + N
# of protons
What determines the element
If neutral # of protons = # of electrons
NOT necessarily # of neutrons
Atomic mass is P + N
Atomic Charge is P – e (neutral if P=e)

3. 2.1.II 0.5 pts per part 19Protons = K = potassium
Mass = protons + neutrons = = 39
I didn’t take points off but 39.1 is NOT correct since this atom has 20 neutrons would be the average for all atoms
19P, 18e- = charge of 1+
Explain any of the above for 0.5 or WHY K forms 1+ ion is fine

4. 2.1.III N wants 3 bonds and has 2 lone pairs N is very electronegativeee e e e ee

5. 2.2.I Polar (unequal) covalent (sharing)
Non-polar covalent = equal sharing due to equal electronegativity
Ionic bonds form between ions
Ions can form when electrons are stripped

6. 2.2.II δ+ δ- δ- δ+ δ+ δ+ δ+ δ- δ- δ+ δ+ δ+

7. 2.2.III Lots of partial charges All non-polar bonds
Lots of H-bonds No partial charges
No H-bonds
Hydrophilic Hydrophobic δ- δ+ δ- δ- δ+ δ- δ+ δ+ δ- δ-

8. What is Heat?

9. Enzymes
Protein Catalysts

10. Not used up in the reaction Help chemical reactions occur
Enzymes Are Catalysts
Not used up in the reaction
Help chemical reactions occur

11. In Chemical Equations Sucrose Maltose
Amylase
Sucrose Maltose
Sucrose + Amylase  Maltose + Amylase

12. Enzymes are Proteins
Bonds with substrates (reactants) in active site

13. Enzymes Are Specific
Have complementary structures allowing them to bond with only certain substrates

14. Realistic Diagram

15. Enzymes Help Break Bonds

16. All Chemical Reactions Involve Breaking Bonds in Reactants
Allows new bonds to form instead

17. Enzyme-Substrate Reactions
Both are molecules just floating around in solution
When they happen to come in contact with each other, they can form temporary bonds

18. The Penny-Picker Enzyme
Function of Penny-Picker:
Pick up pennies and flip them over and move them to a corner of the desk
No looking! Enzymes have no eyes!
The pennies represent a toxic byproduct of cellular processes that must be converted to a safer form
Active site:
Specific to ONE substrate. What’s the substrate?
Pennies
Only holds ONE penny at a time

19. Data Table On your whiteboard make the following table: After 10s
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4
Trial 5

20. Procedure - Trial 1: Baseline
Spread out pennies on table HEADS side up
Without looking grab pennies and flip them over, putting them in the corner of your table
One person flips pennies for FOUR 10-second intervals without looking; one person times and counts
Record data on your whiteboard.
DO NOT REPLACE THE PENNIES BETWEEN TIME INTERVALS

21. Procedure - Trial 2: Denaturation
Spread out pennies on table HEADS side up
Repeat procedure for flipping pennies in four 10-second intervals
THIS TIME:
Hand used to flip pennies gets taped around all four fingers (partial denaturation)
Record data on white board

22. Procedure - Trial 3: Coenzyme
Spread out pennies on table HEADS side up
Repeat procedure for flipping pennies in four 10-second intervals
THIS TIME:
Enzyme has the help of a teammate, representing a coenzyme
Coenzyme picks up pennies and hands them to enzyme for flipping
Record data on whiteboard

23. Co-Enzymes
*No Need to take notes or memorize for quiz – this is just to exemplify importance of enzymes

24. Procedure - Trial 4: Competitive Inhibitors
Spread out pennies on table with a mix of HEADS and TAILS up
TAILS pennies represent competitive inhibitors. Molecules that have a similar shape and bind to the active site, but cannot be broken down.
Repeat procedure for flipping pennies in four 10-second intervals
THIS TIME:
If your partner picks up a HEADS penny they flip it and move it to the corner and you count it
If your partner picks up a TAILS penny you must stop them and tell them to put it back down
Record data on whiteboard

25. Procedure – Trial 5: Non-Competitive Inhibition
Spread the pennies out as before
Make your hand into a fist
Tape it closed
This represents an inhibitor that binds to the enzyme and permanently alters its shape
Try to pick up pennies for each of the 4 intervals
Fail to pick up pennies and die

26. Non-Competitive Inhibitors and Venoms

27. Enzymes Lab Will be run next Monday
Today – Prelab, Individually write preliminary procedures (S.P. 0.1)
Thursday – As a group write one final procedure
Monday – Conduct experiment
Goal: Examine how environmental factors affect the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction

28. Pre-Lab
Discuss each question as a group (except last 2 to be done individually)
Get approval from Mr. Mahon before proceeding to the next question

29. Preliminary Procedure
Will be evaluated for S.P. 0.1
Think about what makes a strong experiment as discussed in unit 1
While you should all be designing an experiment to assess the same hypothesis – each person’s procedure should be individual
Thursday you will take the best aspects of each person’s procedure to make your group procedure