1. Human Resource Management Lecture-37

2. Summary of Lecture-36

3. Conflict

4. Transitions in Conflict Thought

5. Traditional View Human Relations View Interactionist View

6. Sources of Conflict

7. Types of Conflict

8. Negotiation Skills

9. Today’s Topics

10. Power & Political Behavior

11. Power What is it? Do you have any? Do you want some? How can you get some?

12. Concept of Power

13. Power - the ability to influence another person Influence - the process of affecting the thoughts, behavior, & feelings of another person Authority - the right to influence another person

14. Sources of Organizational Power

15. Coercive Exists when one person believes another person can and will provide or withhold punishment

16. Reward Exists when one person believes another person can and will provide or withhold rewards

17. Legitimate Exists when one person believes that another person has the right to influence him or her (authority)

18. Expert Exists when one person believes another person has desired expertise and is willing to share or withhold it

19. Positional Power Power flows down the organization through delegation

20. Personal Power

21.  Information power Power that comes from access to and control over information  Expert power Influence based on special skills or knowledge

22. The ability to influence others and maintain control over your own fate Interpersonal Power

23. Dependency: The Key To Power

24. Principles of Power

25.  Power is perceived  Power is relative  Power bases must be coordinated  Power is a double-edged sword (used and abused)

26. Organizational Power Management

27. Select charismatic individual Select & train for desired expertise Assign to position of authority Provide resources to manage Empower to punish others Empower to reward others

28. Personal Power Management

29. Be a nice person Acquire and make expertise known Acquire and make resources known

30. Use & make authority known Show ability to provide or with-hold rewards Show ability to provide or with-hold punishment

31. Using Power Ethically

32.  Does the behavior produce a good outcome for people both inside and outside the organization?  Does the behavior respect the rights of all parties?  Does the behavior treat all parties equitably and fairly?

33. Two Faces of Power Personal Power – used for personal gain Social Power – used to create motivation – used to accomplish group goals

34. Unit of Analysis Influence Power Control

35. Power Tactics

36. Power tactics Ways in which individuals translates power bases into specific actions

37. Organizational Politics

38. Organizational politics refer to activities that people perform to acquire, enhance, and use power and other resources to obtain their preferred outcomes in a situation where there is uncertainty or disagreement.

39. The use of power in nonprescribed ways (means) and/or for nonprescribed purposes (ends) I’ll support your bill if you support mine

40. Political behavior Activities that are not required as part of one’s formal role in the organization, but that influence, or attempt to influence, the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within the organization

41. Political Behavior in Organizations

42. Organizational Politics - the use of power and influence in organizations Political Behavior - actions not officially sanctioned by an organization that are taken to influence others in order to meet one’s personal goals

43. Organizational Factors that Contribute to Political Behavior

44.  Low trust  Democratic decision making  High performance pressures  Scarcity of resources  Role ambiguity  Self-serving senior managers  Unclear evaluation systems  Zero-sum allocations

45. Influence Tactics

46.  Consultation  Rational persuasion  Inspirational appeals  Upward appeals  Coalition tactics  Exchange tactics  Pressure Upward Influence the boss Downward Influence an employee Lateral Influence a coworker

47. Power Influence Political process Characteristics of political processes

48. The Dark Side of Organizational Politics

49. Organizational politics Deception Lying Intimidation

50. Ethical Guidelines for Political Behavior

51. Question 1 Is the action motivated by self-serving interests which exclude the goals of the organization? Question 2 Does the political action respect individual rights? Question 3 Is the political activity fair and equitable? Yes No Yes No Yes No Unethical Ethical

52. Employee Responses to Organizational Politics

53.  Decreased job satisfaction  Increased anxiety  Increased turnover  Reduced performance

54. Managing Political Behavior

55.  Maintain open communication  Clarify performance expectations  Use participative management  Encourage cooperation among work groups  Manage scarce resources well  Provide a supportive organizational climate

56. Enough for today...

57. Summary

58. Power & Political Behavior

59. Power - the ability to influence another person Influence - the process of affecting the thoughts, behavior, & feelings of another person Authority - the right to influence another person

60. Sources of Organizational Power

61. Organizational Power Management

62. Using Power Ethically

63. Power Tactics

64. Organizational Politics

65. Next….

66. Employee Rights & Discipline

67. Human Resource Management Lecture-37