1. Qualitative Interviewing

2. Question Formulation Questions should be relevant Questions should be motivating – Minimizing Inhibition minimizing ego threat minimizing forgetting – Maximizing Response maximizing acknowledgment maximizing empathy Loaded questions can be used strategically – Intentional vs unintentional use – Criteria R must know answer R must display tendency to withhold Q must be loaded in socially unacceptable direction Q must be followed with probes for concrete detail

3. Listening Listening for “meaning”: Understanding vocabularies, argot, social contexts, etc. Noticing nonverbal cues for discomfort, evasion, lying – Eye contact – Speech metre – Stuttering – Breathing patterns

4. Evaluating Responses Relevance Completeness Validity (as in “truth”) Probing should be undertaken to ensure all of the above.