1. Presidency (Unit IV)
What are the Constitutional Powers of the President?
What are the informal roles of the President?
Why do scholars argue that the informal responsibilities are more important?
How has the power of the Presidency grown over the years?

2. Unit IV: Institutions of Government: Congress, Presidency, Bureaucracy, Courts (35-45%)

3. Power of President vs. Congress The next 15 slides address this: Great resource on WPA:

4. The Struggle for Political Power
PRESIDENT vs. CONGRESS
The Struggle for Political Power

5. THREE CONSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
NATURAL BORN CITIZEN
LIVED IN CONTINUOUSLY IN UNITEDSTATES FOR 14 YEARS
35 YEARS OLD

6. CONSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES
COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF
HEAD EXECUTIVE BRANCH
NEGOTIATE TREATIES
STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESSES
MAKE APPOINTMENTS

7. INFORMAL ROLES OF PRESIDENT - MORE IMPORTANT
CHIEF LAWMAKER
PARTY LEADER
CRISIS MANAGER
RECRUITER
MORALE BUILDER
CHIEF DIPLOMAT

8. Current Events and the War Powers Resolution

9. War Powers Act?

10. WHAT DID THE FRAMERS ENVISION ROLE OF PRESIDENCY TO BE?
Federalist #70
Alexander Hamilton

11. ARTHUR SCHLESINGER WROTE “THE IMPERIAL PRESIDENCY”
POWER OF PRESIDENCY HAS GROWN IN MODERN TIMES -
“PRESIDENT CAN RULE BY DECREE”

12. POWER OF PRESIDENCY HAS DOMINATED CONGRESS IN FOUR MAIN AREAS:

13. ONE: WAR POWERS President = Commander in Chief Congress declares war
President Johnson persuades Congress to enact Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

14. WAR POWERS ACT ENACTED DURING NIXON’S ADMINISTRATION
TROOPS ABROAD REQUIRE CONGRESSIONAL APPROVAL (BTW DAYS)
CONGRESS REASSERTING ITS AUTHORITY
NIXON VETOED BILL
CONGRESS OVERRIDES THE VETO

15. TWO: LEGISLATIVE POWERS
CHIEF LAWMAKER
VETO POWER
FEWER THAN 3% OVERRIDDEN
PRESIDENTAL SIGNING STATEMENTS –
EXECUTIVE ORDERS(Korematsu v. US)

16. BUDGET MAKING PRESIDENT IS CENTRAL TO BUDGET MAKING PROCESS
CONSTITUTION SAYS CONGRESS HAS POWER OF PURSE
PRESIDENT IMPOUNDS FUNDS
CONGRESS FIGHTS BACK FOR POWER

17. BUDGET IMPOUNDMENT CONTROL ACT (1974)
CREATED THE CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (CBO)
GAVE CONGRESS THEIR OWN ECONOMIC ADVISORS
MADE THE IMPOUNDMENT OF FUNDS MORE DIFFICULT

18. THREE: APPOINTEES CONFIRMING A CABINET USUALLY VERY EASY
MANY WHITE HOUSE STAFF OFFICIALS (NATIONAL SECURITYADVISOR) DO NOT REQUIRE SENATE CONFIRMATION
POLICY CZARS (OBAMA)

19. FOUR: FOREIGN AFFAIRS
WITH GROWING NATIONAL SECURITY PRESIDENTS GAINED POWER OF EXECUTIVE PRIVILEDGE
ALLOWS THEM TO WITHHOLD INFORMATION IN COURT INQUIRIES IF INFORMATION WOULD ENDANGER NATIONAL SECURITY
US v. Nixon

20. TREATY MAKING
CONSTITUTION REQUIRES SENATE RATIFICATION OF ALL TREATIES
PRESIDENTS CAN MAKE “EXECUTIVE AGREEMENTS” THAT HAVE THEEFFECT OF A TREATY (NO SENATE RATIFICATION REQUIRED)

21. CONCLUSION: POWER OF PRESIDENCY HAS GROWN OVER CONGRESS
PRESIDENT CAN WAGE WAR
PRESIDENT CAN LEGISLATE
PRESIDENT CAN APPOINT
PRESIDENT CAN DOMINATE FOREIGN AFFAIRS
ALL WITH LITTLE INTERFERENCE FROM CONGRESS!