1. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 1 Implementing AFD at PBS member station WSIU Terry Harvey WSIU/ Southern Illinois University, Carbondale Illinois

2. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 2  AFD is Active Format Description: defines aspect ratio.  AFD is used to define how the video originating in one aspect ratio may be “optimally” displayed on a display of a different aspect ratio.  AFD metadata is carried in baseband video and in an MPEG2 transport stream.

3. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 3 AFD broadcast from WSIU  All HD programs and interstitials have AFD added.  AFD no benefit to consumer DTV receivers: Older DTV receivers do not use AFD Newer DTV receivers are 16:9 and HD AFD not required!  Cable and DTH Satellite benefit from AFD: head end IRD correctly formats for 4:3.

4. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 4 Complete list of AFD codes Complete list of AFD codes Values from ETSI TS 101 154 V1.7.1 Annex B, ATSC A/53 Part 4 and SMPTE 2016-1-2007 0ESTI: reserved; ATSC: undefined 1reserved 2ETSI: 16:9 active picture (top aligned); ATSC: "not recommended" 3ETSI: 14:9 active picture (top aligned); ATSC: "not recommended" 4 ETSI: box > 16:9 (center): wider than 16:9 active picture. The aspect ratio of the source area is not given, and the size of the top/bottom bars is not indicated. ATSC: bar data (indicating the extent of top, bottom, left, and right bars) should be transmitted when using this code. 5–75–7 reserved 8Full Frame image, same as the frame (4:3 or 16:9). 94:3 Image: Full Frame in 4:3 frame, Pillarbox in 16:9 frame. 1016:9 Image: Letterbox in 4:3 frame, Full Frame in 16:9 frame. 1114:9 Pillarbox/Letterbox image. 12unused 13 4:3 with shoot and protect 14:9 centre. The term "shoot and protect" is not explained in the standard, but means that the areas above and below the central 14:9 region of the 4:3 active picture can be trimmed without losing important detail.shoot and protect 14 16:9 with shoot and protect 14:9 centre. Here, the areas to the right and left of the central 14:9 region of the 16:9 active picture can be trimmed without losing important detail. 15 16:9 with shoot and protect 4:3 centre. Here, the areas to the right and left of the central 4:3 region of the 16:9 active picture can be trimmed without losing important detail.

5. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 5 List of AFD codes that benefits us List of AFD codes that benefits us Values from ETSI TS 101 154 V1.7.1 Annex B, ATSC A/53 Part 4 and SMPTE 2016-1-2007 8 - Full Frame image, same as the frame (4:3 or 16:9). 9 - 4:3 Image: Full Frame in 4:3 frame, Pillarbox in 16:9 frame. 10 -16:9 Image: Letterbox in 4:3 frame, Full Frame in 16:9 frame. 15 -16:9 with shoot and protect 4:3 centre. Here, the areas to the right and left of the central 4:3 region of the 16:9 active picture can be trimmed without losing important detail.

6. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 6 List of AFD codes that we need only use. List of AFD codes that we need only use. Values from ETSI TS 101 154 V1.7.1 Annex B, ATSC A/53 Part 4 and SMPTE 2016-1-2007 8 (1000) Full Frame image, same as the frame (4:3 or 16:9). 9 (1001) 4:3 Image: Full Frame in 4:3 frame, Pillarbox in 16:9 frame.

7. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 7 Without Broadcast AFD HD Broadcast Cable TV Forced Letterbox Forced Center Cut AFD absent

8. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 8 With Broadcast AFD With Broadcast AFD HD Broadcast Cable TV AFD Controlled Center Cut AFD Controlled Letterbox AFD 1000 AFD 1001

9. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 9 How is the AFD conveyed?  AFD will be carried in HD and SD baseband Serial Digital Video Interface in the VANC as per SMPTE-334M. (HD-SDI VANC line 11).

10. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 10 How is the AFD conveyed?  In ATSC over-the-air transmission, the AFD is carried in the picture user data bits in MPEG2 Transport Stream. Transport Stream Packet Header Video Payload Adaptation Field Picture User Data Bits

11. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 11 AFD: Practical Implementation  Must ensure a correct AFD code is applied to all program elements in HD broadcast: eg. HD and upconverted SD content.  HD and SD AFD is supported but PBS does not yet forward SD-AFD.  Member station must therefore generate AFD for SD and all local content.

12. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 12 Prerequisites for AFD- IRDs  IRDs (Satellite Receivers): Older IRDs (BitLinks) do not employ AFD decoding (eg extraction of AFD from transport stream and placement in HD-SDI VANC).  Sencore MRD3187 IRDs do employ AFD (Note earlier MRD3187B’s need upgrading).  ASI interface on Bitlink will convey AFD.

13. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 13 Prerequisites for AFD - Servers  Most servers now record and playback HD and SD AFD.  AFD extracted from baseband input VANC stored with caption data in auxiliary referenced file.  AFD extracted from transport stream when recorded via ASI must be stored and made available for baseband VANC playback.

14. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 14 Prerequisites for AFD - Encoders  AFD carried in HD-SDI VANC must pass through the master control switcher and applied to the MPEG2 Emission Encoder.  Encoder must be capable of extracting AFD from HD-SDI VANC and placing AFD in MPEG2 transport picture user data bits.

15. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 15 Example AFD Implementation IRD - HD IRD - SD Upconverter Includes AFD Video Server Master Control Switcher HD Emission Encoder Automation GPI Control of Preset AFD codes and aspect ratio Universal Converter Includes AFD HD Source SD Source Video Router AFD on HD-SDI HD-SDI

16. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 16 Another Example Master Control Switcher HD Emission Encoder Automation GPI Control of Preset AFD codes and aspect ratio Universal Converter Includes AFD HD Source SD Source Video Router No AFD on HD-SDI AFD Insertion Card HD-SDI HD-SDI with AFD Video Server IRD - HD

17. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 17 To Ensure the Highest Quality  Minimize unnecessary codec cycles.  Minimize unnecessary video rescaling eg. 480i to 1080i then to 720p for emission.  Record Full Frame 16:9 and 4:3, no local pillarbox or letterbox.  All locally produced programming in HD and SD is now 16:9 format.  SD to HD Upconvertor controlled by automation to correct format and add AFD.

18. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 18 WSIU - HD AFD  Satellite receiver provides HD AFD from PBS.  Server records and playbacks HD AFD.  File based HD local production has HD AFD added at Transcode/ Transwrap when transferred to Omneon server.  Three HD AFD format codes: 16:9 FF AFD codes 1000 16:9 FF center cut safe AFD code 1111 (from PBS) 16:9, 4:3 Pillarbox AFD code 1001

19. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 19 WSIU - SD AFD  All SD recorded and archived as native SD.  Local SD file base production has no AFD.  SD playback upconvert to air where AFD is added.  SD four formats: 16:9 Full Frame AFD code 1000 16:9, 4:3 Pillarbox AFD code 1001 4:3, Full Frame AFD code 1001 4:3, 16:9 Letterbox AFD code 1000

20. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 20 WSIU 720p Master Control with AFD Omneon MIP-4010 Omneon MIP-4010 Omneon MIP-4010 Omneon MIP-4010 Omneon MIP-4010 Omneon MIP-4010 Sencore IRD Sencore IRD Sencore IRD Sencore IRD Sencore IRD Sencore IRD Omneon Spectrum Video Server Omneon MIP-5321 Omneon MIP-5321 ASI ROUTER ASI Record Ports for SD and HD Evertz 7812 CC Evertz 7812 UDX NVerzion Automation GPI for Aspect Ratio and AFD ProTrack 720p Master Control Switcher VDCP 1080i 480i 720p Omneon MIP-5321 VDCP 720p Ku22 HD01 HD02 Ku23a HD04 Ku23b SD05 Ku23c SD06 Ku23d SD07 Ku24 HD03 SD01 FCP files from Post Production Transcode Adds AFD To HD AMC21 IRDs

21. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 21 ProTrack Database Record for SD 16:9

22. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 22 ProTrack facilitates identification of aspect ratio. ProTrack Database Record for SD 16:9

23. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 23 ProTrack also differentiates between video formats 1080i, 720p and 480i: Each can be 16:9. ProTrack Database Record for SD 16:9

24. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 24 WSIU Playlist SVR1A – HD Playback SVR1B – SD Playback Formats for SVR1B (SD) NS = 4:3 Full Frame LB = 4:3,16:9 Letterbox WS=16:9 Full Frame PB =16:9,4:3 Pillarbox AFD for SVR1A (HD) -from HD File AFD for SVR1B (SD) NS = 9 (1001) LB = 8 (1000) WS = 8 (1000) PB = 9 (1001)

25. Q G NETA QG Workshop January 13, 2011 25 AFD – It Does Work!  PBS began applying AFD to HD programs April 2009.  WSIU began broadcasting AFD in July 2009.  All WSIU programming and individual WSIU interstitials have AFD applied.  Broadcast SD Distributors using WSIU AFD: DirecTV and Dish Network July 2009 Charter Communications September 2009 MediaCom July 2010