1. CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, USTC The Deflection of 2008 September 13 CME in Heliosphere Space ISEST, Hvar, Croatia,2013 June 17 Collaborators: Boyi Wang, Yuming Wang, Fang Shen, Pinzhong Ye ， Shui Wang CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China Chenglong Shen

2. 1. Introduction Make the limb(back) or high latitude CME hit Earth ➨ miss alert ➨ A possible reason for "problematic" ICMEs Make the Earth direct CME miss Earth ➨ wrong alert Deflection of CMEs may significant influence their geoeffectiveness!

3. Deflection in meridian plane 1. DIrect observed from coronagraph ➨ from high latitude region to equator 2. Widely reported and studied [e.g. MacQueen et al,1986, Gopalswamy et al., 2003, Cremades and Bothmer, 2004, Kilpua et al., 2009; Shen et al., 2011, Gui et al., 2011;Wang et al., 2011 ] Wang et al., 2011 Deflection in ecliptic plane 1. Can not be direct observed before STEREO, but suggested by Wang et al., [2004] 2. Reported by some authors after STEREO [e. g. Gopalswamy et al., 2009;Gui et al., 2011; Poomvised et al., 2012; Temmer et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2012] Deflection caused by CME interaction 1. Could be direct observed by coronagraph [Gopalswamy et al., 2001] 2. Reported by recent work using STEREO observation [e. g. Shen et al., 2012, Lugaz et al., 2012]

4. ➣ Magnetic Field Frozen-In, MFFI [Wang et al., 2004, Wang et al., 2006] Source: Background solar wind Properties: Fast CME -------> Deflect to East Slow CME ------> Deflect to West Application: ➨ East-West asymmetry of the source of Earth arrival CME [Wang et al., 2004] ➨ Geoeffectiveness of 2005 September CMEs [Wang et al., 2006] Wang et al., 2004 Different explanation and models about the deflection ➣ Coronal Hole Model [ Cremades and Bothmer, 2004 ; Gopalswamy et al., 2009] Source: ➨ Coronal hole Properties: Coronal holes push the CME away Application: ➨ `driverless’ shock in in-situ observations [Gopalswamy et al., 2009] Gopaslwamy et al., 2009

5. ➣ Magnetic energy density gradient model [e.g. Shen et al., 2011,Gui et al., 2011] Source: ➨ Background magnetic field Properties: ➨ CME deflect to lower magnetic energy density region Observation results: ➨ CME would propagated along the current sheet ➨ Mainly happened <5R s Shen et al., 2011 Gui et al., 2011

6. 2.Coronagraph Observations A halo CME in STBA east limb CME in STA It is possible that this CME propagated east to the Sun-Earth line and direct to STB!

7. GCS model [Thernisien et al. 2006, Thernisien, 2009] fitting

8. From GCS model: ➨ Very slow CME ➨ Direct to STB at beginning ➨ Continuously deflect to West from 05:00UT Sep 13 (>10Rs)

9. 3.In-situ observations From in-situ observations: ➨ A ICME arrived Earth No full halo CME from September 9 to September 14---->"problematic" ICMEs? ➨ A ICME flank possible swept STB

10. JMAP from STEREO A 4. Propagation in heliosphere

11. JMAP from STEREO B

12. MethodArrival Time: Direct Triangulation [Liu et al. 2009] September 17 00:02UT HM Triangulation [Lugaz et al., 2009] September 16 18:05UT Observations September 17 04:00UT From interplanetary observations: ➨ This CME did deflect to west during its propagation in heliosphere and make this east limb CME (seen from SOHO) arrived the Earth

13. 5. Conclusion and discussion A full store of a CME’s deflect in heliosphere from Sun to 1AU is reported. Why deflection happened? ➨ Solar wind ➨ Background magnetic field happened in the region >5 R s -----> not for this event ➨ Coronal Hole no obvious coronal hole -----> not for this event

14. Thanks!

15. A website of the full halo CMEs ( now from 2007 March 1 to 2012 May 31, will be updated continuously). http://space.ustc.edu.cn/dreams/fhcmes/