1. The Human Brain Master Watermark Image: http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gifhttp://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif

2. Cerebrum - The largest division of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, each of which is divided into four lobes. Cerebrum Cerebellum http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif

3. Lobes of the Brain (4) Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1- 8.tif.jpg

4. Frontal Lobe

5. Lobes of the Brain - Frontal The Frontal Lobe of the brain is located at the front of the brain. It plays an integral role in the following functions/actions: - Memory Formation - Emotions - Decision Making/Reasoning - Personality Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1- 8.tif.jpghttp://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1- 8.tif.jpg

6. Parietal Lobe

7. Lobes of the Brain - Parietal Lobe The Parietal Lobe of the brain is located behind the Frontal lobe, but in front of the Occipital lobe It plays a major role in the following functions/actions: -sensory information and cognition (Experiencing taste, smell, touch, pain, temperature, etc. signals and processing it.) - Spatial awareness and perception (Proprioception - Awareness of body/ body parts in space and in relation to each other) Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpghttp://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg

8. Occipital Lobe

9. Lobes of the Brain – Occipital Lobe The Occipital Lobe of the Brain is located in the back part of the brain (farthest from the eyes) Its primary function is the processes VISION and visual stimuli. Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1- 8.tif.jpghttp://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1- 8.tif.jpg

10. Temporal Lobe

11. Lobes of the Brain – Temporal Lobe The Temporal Lobes are located on the sides of the brain, above the ears They play an integral role in the following functions: - Hearing - Organization/Comprehensio n of language - Memory and Memory Formation Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1- 8.tif.jpghttp://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1- 8.tif.jpg

12. Cerebellum

13. The cerebellum is located just above the brain stem and toward the back of the brain. It is relatively well protected from trauma compared to the frontal and temporal lobes and brain stem. Functions: - Coordination/ Balance - Muscle Tone

14. Brain Stem

15. The Brain stem consists of the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. It merges into the spinal cord Functions: - attention - consciousness - breathing - sleeping - temperature **All information to and from our body passes through here on the way to and from the brain

16. Lobes and Structures of the Brain B. D.E. F. G. http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif C.

17. Lobes and Structures of the Brain B. C. D. E. F. G. B. Frontal Lobe G. Parietal Lobe F. Occipital Lobe D. Temporal Lobe E. Cerebellum C. Brain Stem http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif

18. Further Investigation Phineas Gage: Phineas Gage was a railroad worker in the 19th century living in Cavendish, Vermont. One of his jobs was to set off explosive charges in large rock in order to break them into smaller pieces. On one of these instances, the detonation occurred prior to his expectations, resulting in a 42 inch long, 1.2 inch wide, metal rod to be blown right up through his skull and out the top. The rod entered his skull below his left cheek bone and exited after passing through the anterior frontal lobe of his brain. Frontal

19. Remarkably, Gage never lost consciousness, or quickly regained it (there is still some debate), suffered little to no pain, and was awake and alert when he reached a doctor approximately 45 minutes later. He had a normal pulse and normal vision, and following a short period of rest, returned to work several days later. However, he was not unaffected by this accident. Learn more about Phineas Gage: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phineas_Gagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phineas_Gage Frontal http://www.sruweb.com/~walsh/gage5.jpg

20. Q: Recalling what you have just learned regarding the frontal lobe, what possible problems or abnormalities may Gage have presented with subsequent to this type of injury (remember the precise location of the rod through his brain)? A: Gage’s personality, reasoning, and capacity to understand and follow social norms had been diminished or destroyed. He illustrated little to no interest in hobbies or other involvements that at one time he cared for greatly. ‘After the accident, Gage became a nasty, vulgar, irresponsible vagrant. His former employer, who regarded him as "the most efficient and capable foreman in their employ previous to his injury," refused to rehire him because he was so different.’ Q: It is suggested that Gage’s injury inspired the development of what at one time was a widely used medical procedure. What might this procedure be, and how does it relate to Gage’s injury? A: The frontal lobotomy. This has been used with the intention to diminish aggression and rage in mental patients, but generally results in drastic personality changes, and an inability to relate socially. This procedure is largely frowned upon today, with the development of neurological drugs as treatments. Frontal

21. How can I take care of my brain? Vitamins are essential! Good nutrition is equally important. Exercise increases blood flow to the brain. Build up those neurons and make those connections in school! Did you know you need at least 9 hours of sleep a night? Try to live a stress free life. PROTECTYOURBRAIN! Visit your doctorregularly.

22. 1.____________ This lobe is located at the anterior part of the brain Frontal

23. 2. ____________ This lobe controls visual stimuli Occipital

24. 3. ____________ This region is responsible for balance Cerebellum

25. 4. ____________ This lobe is involved with thinking and judgment Frontal

26. 5. ____________ This structure contains the pons and medulla oblongata Brain Stem

27. 6. ____________ This lobe is the most posterior part of the brain Occipital

28. 7. ____________ This lobe is the most lateral part of the brain Temporal

29. 8. ____________ This lobe contains the structures for hearing Temporal

30. 9. ____________ This lobe processes sensory information and cognition Parietal

31. 10. ____________ This structure is at the superior portion of the spine Brain Stem

32. 11. ____________ This is the missing lobe of the 4 if you are given: parietal, frontal and temporal Occipital

33. 12. ____________ This structure is located at the lower part of the brain, next to the occipital lobe and the brain stem Cerebellum

34. 13. ____________ This structure influences attention, arousal and consciousness Brain Stem

35. 14. ____________ All information to and from our body passes through here on the way to and from the brain Brain Stem

36. 15. ____________ This lobe processes the senses: taste, pain, touch, pressure and temperature Parietal