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Gross Structure of the Brain

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Presentation on theme: "Gross Structure of the Brain"— Presentation transcript:

1 Gross Structure of the Brain
Won Taek Lee, M.D., Ph.D. Deptartment of Anatomy Yonsei Univ. College of Medicine

2 Nervous System  CNS (central nervous system)  PNS Brain Spinal Cord
(peripheral nervous system) Peripheral Nerve Ganglion

3 Central Nervous System - Brain

4 Gross Divisions of the Brain
 Cerebrum (cerebral hemisphere)  Diencephalon  Cerebellum  Brainstem

5 Embryonic (developmental) divisions of the Brain
telencephalon Cerebral cortex Cerebral white matter Basal ganglia metencephalon Cerebellum Pons Primary vesicle Secondary vesicle Derivatives Prosencephalon diencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus Subthalamus Epithalamus Mesencephalon mesencephalon Midbrain Rhombencephalon myelencephalon Medulla oblongata

6

7 Inner Structures of the Brain
Basal ganglia Thalamus Hypothalamus Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata

8 Cerebrum – Cerebral Hemisphere
Telencephalic structure –lateral ventricles Cerebral Cortex - lobes, gyrus & sulcus 2. Cerebral White Matter (medullary center) 3. Basal Ganglia

9 Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex (lateral surface)
Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal Lobe Occipital lobe Limbic lobe

10 Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex (medial surface)
Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal Lobe Occipital lobe Limbic lobe

11 Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex (basal surface) Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe Temporal Lobe Occipital lobe Limbic lobe

12 Gyri of the Frontal Lobe
Lateral Surface Precentral Gyrus --- primary motor area Superior Frontal Gyrus Middle Frontal Gyrus Inferior Frontal Gyrus Pars Opercularis Pars Triangularis Pars Orbitalis Medial Surface Medial Frontal Gyrus Paracentral Lobule Basal Surface Rectus Gyrus Orbital Gyrus ] Broca’s area (dominant hemisphere)

13 Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)

14 Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)
Broca’s area Pars Opercularis Pars Triangularis Pars Orbitalis

15 Motor Homunculus

16 Broca’s Area Pars triangularis and pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus of dominant hemisphere. Photograph of the brain of Broca’s patient called “Tan” (real name is Leborgne).

17 Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)

18 Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (basal surface)

19 Gyri of the Parietal Lobe
Lateral Surface Postcentral Gyrus ---- primary somesthetic area Superior Parietal Lobule Inferior Parietal Lobule ---- Wernicke’s area Supramarginal Gyrus Angular Gyrus Medial Surface Paracentral Lobule Precuneus

20 Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)

21 Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)

22 Sensory Homunculus

23 Gyri of the Occipital Lobe
Lateral Surface Lateral Occipital Gyrus Superior Occipital Gyrus Inferior Occipital Gyrus Medial Surface Cuneus Lingual Gyrus Basal Surface Occipitotemporal Gyrus

24 Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)

25 Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)

26 Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (basal surface)

27 Gyri of the Temporal Lobe
Lateral Surface Superior Temporal Gyrus Middle Temporal Gyrus Inferior Temporal Gyrus Basal Surface Lingual Gyrus Occipitotemporal Gyrus Medial Occipitotemporal Gyrus Lateral Occipitotemporal Gyrus

28 Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)

29 Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (basal surface)

30 PET (positron emission tomography) scan

31 Gyri of the Limbic Lobe Outer Ring Cingulate Gyrus
Isthmus of Cingulate Gyrus Parahippocampal Gyrus Uncus, Uncinate Gyrus Inner Ring Hippocampal Formation Hippocampus, Ammon's Horn Dentate Gyrus Fasciolar Gyrus Indusium Griseum (Supracallosal Gyrus) Paraterminal Gyrus (Subcallosal Gyrus) Subcallosal Area (Parolfactory Area)

32 Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)

33 Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (basal surface)

34 Structures of the Lateral Surface of the Brain
1 2 5 4 3 Structures of the Lateral Surface of the Brain

35 Structures of the Medial Surface of the Brain
3 2 4 1 Structures of the Medial Surface of the Brain

36 Structures of the Basal Surface of the Brain
2 1 Structures of the Basal Surface of the Brain

37 Insula of Reil

38 Structures around the Limbic Lobe
1 3 2

39 Structures of the Limbic Lobe
1 2 3

40 Structures of the Limbic Lobe
2 1 3

41 Structures of Fornix Uncus Hippocampus Fimbria Crus Commissure Corpus
Column Mammillary body 6 7 5 8 3 2 1 4

42 Cerebral White Matter Projection fiber Corona radiata
Commissural fiber Corpus callosum rostrum, genu, trunk, splenium Anterior commissure Commissure of fornix Association fiber Short association fiber Long association fiber

43 Fibers of Cerebral White Matter (coronal section)
1. Corpus callosum 2. Internal capsule 3. Superior occipitofrontal fasciculus 4. Superior longitudinal 5. Inferior occipitofrontal 6. Cingulum 7. Uncinate fasciculus 8. Inferior longitudinal

44 Basal Ganglia (traditional concept)
Corpus striatum lenticular nucleus putamen globus pallidus caudate nucleus Amygdaloid body

45 Basal Ganglia 3 2 1 3 2 1 4

46 Basal Ganglia 2 1 1 2 3 3

47 Diencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus Subthalamus
3rd ventricle and tela choroidea

48 Diencephalon 1 4 5 2 1 2 3 3

49 Ventral Surface of Diencephalon
4 1 5 5 2 3 6

50 Cerebellum Anterior Lobe Posterior Lobe Flocculonodular Lobe
flocculus, nodulus Vermis Paravermal Region Cerebellar Hemisphere

51 Cerebellum (posterosuperior view)
1 2 3

52 Cerebellum (posteroinferior view)
flocculus

53 Cerebellum (anterior view)
1 3 2

54 Cerebellum (medial view)

55 Brain Stem Midbrain Pons Medulla Oblongata 4th Ventricle
Rhomboid Fossa

56 Brain Stem III 1 V VI 2 VII VIII 3 IX X 4 XI 5 Anterior surface XII

57 Brain Stem 1 2 IV 3 4 6 5 7 9 Posterior surface 8 10

58 Rhomboid Fossa 4 1 5 6 2 7 3 8

59 Roof of the 4th Ventricle
1 2

60 Embryonic (developmental) divisions of the Brain
telencephalon Cerebral cortex Cerebral white matter Basal ganglia metencephalon Cerebellum Pons Primary vesicle Secondary vesicle Derivatives Prosencephalon diencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus Subthalamus Epithalamus Mesencephalon mesencephalon Midbrain Rhombencephalon myelencephalon Medulla oblongata


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