1. 09 Jan. 2013Endocrine-Glands.ppt1 Endocrine Glands

2. 09 Jan. 2013Endocrine-Glands.ppt2 Endocrine Glands Hypothalamus Pituitary –Anterior lobe –Posterior lobe Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Adrenal Glands –Cortex –Medulla Islets of Langerhans Gonads –Ovaries –Testes Pineal gland Thymus others

3. 09 Jan. 2013Endocrine-Glands.ppt3 Hypothalamus Part of brain –Regulates ANS, emotions, feeding/satiety, thirst, body temperature, etc. –Hormones related to these functions “Releasing hormones” Axonal transport to posterior lobe

4. 09 Jan. 2013Endocrine-Glands.ppt4 Hypothalamus “Releasing” hormones regulate Anterior Pituitary –Growth hormone-releasing H. –Growth hormone-inhibiting H. –Thyrotropin-releasing H. –Corticotropin-releasing H. –Gonadotropin-releasing H. –Prolactin-releasing H.

5. 09 Jan. 2013Endocrine-Glands.ppt5 Hypothalamus Hypothalamic cell bodies synthesize oxytocin and ADH Axonal transport to posterior pituitary Release from posterior pituitary

6. 09 Jan. 2013Endocrine-Glands.ppt6 Pituitary Anterior lobe (= adenohypophysis) –Growth H. (hGH) –Prolactin –Melanocyte-stimulating H. (MSH) –Thyroid-stimulating H. (TSH) –Adrenocorticotropic H. (ACTH) –Follicle-stimulating H. (FSH) –Luteinizing H. (LH)

7. 09 Jan. 2013Endocrine-Glands.ppt7 Pituitary—Anterior lobe Growth hormone (GH or hGH) –Promotes mitosis, cell division –Elongation of long bones, etc. –Healing of wounds –Lack of hGH retards growth

8. 09 Jan. 2013Endocrine-Glands.ppt8 Pituitary—Anterior lobe Growth hormone Lack of hGH retards growth Charles Stratton, 1838-1883, “adopted” & trained by P.T. Barnum. “General Tom Thumb” ~ 33 in. (84 cm) tall Married Lavinia Warren, 1863. Died of CV disease.

9. 09 Jan. 2013Endocrine-Glands.ppt9 Pituitary—Anterior lobe Growth hormone –Oversecretion in youth produces giantism –Oversecretion in adult produces acromegaly

10. 09 Jan. 2013Endocrine-Glands.ppt10 Pituitary—Posterior lobe Posterior lobe (= neurohypophysis) Site of release of hormones synthesized in hypothalamus –Oxytocin –Antidiuretic H. (ADH)

11. 09 Jan. 2013Endocrine-Glands.ppt11 Pituitary—Posterior lobe Oxytocin –Stimulates smooth muscle contraction of uterus & mammary glands. Antidiuretic H. –Stimulates water reabsorption in collecting ducts. –Stimulates vasoconstriction (vasopressin) –Lack  diabetes insipidus

12. 09 Jan. 2013Endocrine-Glands.ppt12 Thyroid Gland Location in neck –Inferior to larynx –Anterior & lateral to trachea Thyroxine (T 4 ) Triiodothyronine (T 3 ) Calcitonin

13. 09 Jan. 2013Endocrine-Glands.ppt13 Thyroid Gland Composed of follicles –Follicle cells produce thyroglobulin Thyroxin (T 4 ) Triiodothyronine (T 3 ) –Parafollicular cells Calcitonin

14. 09 Jan. 2013Endocrine-Glands.ppt14 Parathyroid Glands Four small glands embedded in posterior of thyroid –Parathyroid hormone (PTH) –Stimulates osteoclasts to free Ca from bone –Stimulates Ca uptake from intestine

15. 09 Jan. 2013Endocrine-Glands.ppt15 Adrenal Glands One on top of each kidney –Cortex Steroid hormones –Medulla Epinephrine Norepinephrine

16. 09 Jan. 2013Endocrine-Glands.ppt16 Adrenal Glands Cortex –Activity stimulated by ACTH –Mineralcorticoids Aldosterone –Glucocorticoids Cortisol –Gonadocorticoids Androgens Estrogens

17. 09 Jan. 2013Endocrine-Glands.ppt17 Adrenal Glands Medulla –Develops as “misplaced” sympathetic ganglion –Cells are modified neurons (lack axons) –Epinephrine –some Norepinephrine

18. 09 Jan. 2013Endocrine-Glands.ppt18 Islets of Langerhans “About a million” embedded in pancreas Control centers for blood glucose Insulin from beta cells Glucagon from alpha cells

19. 09 Jan. 2013Endocrine-Glands.ppt19 Islets of Langerhans Insulin stimulates glucose uptake, glycogenesis Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis, glucose release from liver

20. 09 Jan. 2013Endocrine-Glands.ppt20 Gonads Ovaries –Estrogens –Progesterone Testes –Testosterone, etc. Reproductive functions when we study reproductive system.

21. 09 Jan. 2013Endocrine-Glands.ppt21 Pineal gland Suspended in third ventricle from diencephalon Melatonin –? Inhibits early puberty –? Day/night cycles Timing of sleep, body temperature, appetite

22. 09 Jan. 2013Endocrine-Glands.ppt22 Thymus = “Thymus gland” Thymopoietins, thymic factor, thymosins –Influence development of T lymphocytes

23. 09 Jan. 2013Endocrine-Glands.ppt23 others Stomach, small intestine Heart  ANP Kidneys  erythropoietin Adipose tissue  leptin Skin  cholecalciferol (vit. D precursor) Placenta  progesterone