1. The Nervous System
Chapter 10

2. Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the Nervous System

3. Divisions of Nervous System
Central nervous system – includes brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system – includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of peripheral spinal nerves
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4. Divisions of Nervous System

5. The Neurons Basic cells of nervous system
Carry nerve impulses throughout body
Afferent neurons
Connecting neurons
Efferent neurons
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6. The Neurons

7. Brain Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
Coordinates all activities of the body by receiving and transmitting messages throughout the body
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
encephal/o

8. Major Parts of the Brain
Cerebrum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Brainstem
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9. Major Parts of the Brain

10. Cerebrum Cerebrum – largest and uppermost portion of brain
divided into right and left hemispheres
hemispheres subdivided to create pairs of cerebral lobes

11. Cerebral Hemispheres

12. Cerebral Lobes Cerebral lobes
frontal lobe: controls skilled motor functions, memory, behavior
pariental lobe: receives and interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors in tongue, skin, muscles
occipital lobe: controls eyesight
temporal lobe: controls hearing and smell, and ability to create, store, and access new information

13. Cerebral Lobes

14. Spinal Cord Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
Transmits nerve impulses between the brain, limbs, and lower part of the body
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
myel/o
Note: Myel/o also means bone marrow.

15. Nerves Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
Receive and transmit messages to and from all parts of the body
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
neur/i, neur/o

16. Cranial Nerves

17. Peripheral Spinal Nerves

18. Autonomic Nerves System

19. Sensory Organs and Receptors
Primary Functions
Receive external stimulation and transmit these stimuli to the sensory neurons
Eyes (sight)
Ears (hearing)
Nose (smell)
Skin (touch)
Tongue (taste)

20. Key Word Parts and Definitions
caus/o
burning, burn
cerebr/o
cerebrum, brain
concuss/o
shaken together, violently agitated
contus/o
bruise
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21. Key Word Parts and Definitions
encephal/o
brain
-esthesia
sensation, feeling
esthet/o
feeling, nervous sensation, sense of perception
-graphy
the process of producing a picture or record
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22. Key Word Parts and Definitions
mening/o
membranes, meninges
myel/o
spinal cord, bone marrow
neur/i, neur/o
nerve, nerve tissue
phobia
abnormal fear
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23. Key Word Parts and Definitions
psych/o
mind
radicul/o
root or nerve root
tropic
having an affinity for

24. Click Here to play Parkinson’s Disease animation

25. Questions

26. Question
The most sensitive cluster of nerves is at the front of the brain.
True or False?

27. Answer
False. The most sensitive cluster of nerves is at the base of the spine.

28. Question
The human brain is 80%–85% water.
True or False?

29. Answer
True

30. Question
How much of the oxygen used by the human body is utilized by the brain?
over 10%
over 25%
over 50%

31. Answer
b. Over 25%

32. Question
The human body transmits nerve impulses at about 300 feet a second.
True or False?

33. Answer
True

34. Answers to Learning Exercises

35. Chapter 10 Answers Matching Word Parts 1 10.1. esthet/o
10.2. encephal/o
10.3. contus/o
10.4. psych/o
10.5. concuss/o
Matching Word Parts 2
10.6. mening/o
graphy
esthesia
10.9. myel/o
radicul/o

36. Chapter 10 Answers Matching Word Parts 3 10.11. phobia 10.12. caus/o
cerebr/o
neur/o
tropic
Definitions
synapse
myelin sheath
dendrites
pia mater
hypothalamus
sympathetic
plexus
peripheral
thalamus
efferent

37. Chapter 10 Answers Matching Structures 10.26. brainstem
hypothalamus
cerebellum
medulla oblongata
cerebrum
Which Word?
anesthesiologist
coma
anxiolytic
hallucination
acrophobia

38. Chapter 10 Answers Spelling Counts 10.36. migraine 10.37. Alzheimer’s
anesthetic
epilepsy
sciatica
Abbreviation Identification
cerebral palsy
cerebrospinal fluid
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
transient ischemic attack

39. Chapter 10 Answers Term Selection 10.46. delirium 10.47. myelitis
claustrophobia
trigeminal neuralgia
dyslexia
Sentence Completion
cerebral contusion
anxiety disorders
dysthymia
factitious
antipsychotic

40. Chapter 10 Answers Word Surgery 10.56. an-, esthet, -ic
somn, ambul, -ism
electr/o, encephal/o, -graphy
par-, -esthesia
poli/o, myel, -itis
True/False
True
True
False
False
True

41. Chapter 10 Answers Clinical Conditions 10.66. bipolar
concussion
transient ischemic
thalamotomy
multiple sclerosis
insomnia
aphasia
syncope
hydrocephalus
hematoma
Which Is the Correct Medical Term?
causalgia
hypnotic
conversion
epidural
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

42. Chapter 10 Answers Challenge Word Building 10.81. neuromyelitis
meningomalacia
neuroma
encephalopathy
polyneuralgia
neuromalacia
meningoencephalitis
myelopathy
encephalomalacia
meningoencephalomyelitis
Labeling Exercises
cerebral
frontal
temporal
parietal
occipital
thalamus
hypothalamus
medulla oblongata
spinal
cerebellum