1.  What effects did Morgan Spurlock’s lifestyle have on his experiment?  If you were to re-run the test, what things would you do differently? Why?

2. Page #2 of notebook

3. Vocab Term  Definition  Other important things about the topic (picture)

4.  Nervous System: The body’s electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells

5. Central Nervous System:  Brain and Spinal Cord

6. Peripheral Nervous System:  Sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body  Anything not the brain/spinal cord

7. Sensory Neurons:  Nerves that carry messages from the body’s tissue and sensory receptors inward towards the brain Motor Neurons:  Nerves that carry instructions from the CNS to the body’s muscles

8. SensoryMotor

9. Neuron = Nerve cell

10.  Neuron = nerve cell  Job: To send information throughout the Nervous System

11. Dendrites

12. Dendrites:  Neuron’s bushy, branching extensions that receive messages from other neurons  Dendrites “Listen”  Mean ‘tree-like’

14. Dendrites Cell Body Nucleus

15.  …Body of the cell; where the Nucleus is  Information is collected and determined whether or not to be sent down the axon

16. Dendrites Axon Axon terminal Cell Body Nucleus

17. Axon  The neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons  Two parts: Axon and Axon Terminals  Axons ‘talks’ through process called synapse (we’ll discuss that later)

18. 1 2 3 4

19.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyNkAuX2 9OU

20. Dendrites Axon Axon terminal Cell Body Nucleus Myelin Sheath Node of Ranvier

21. Myelin Sheath  Fatty tissue layer encasing the axons of some neurons  Enables greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one s to the next  Node of Ranvier: Space in between the myelin sheaths

23.  Over time, covering gets damaged; causes neural transmission speed to decrease  Multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's

24. Page #3 of notebook

25.  Neurons send information across body  Dendrites listen/receive information  Axon talk/send information ACTION POTENTIAL IS THE PROCESS OF TELLING THE AXON TERMINALS TO SEND INFORMATION!!!!!!!!

26. Action Potential:  Brief electrical charge that travels down the neuron’s axon

27. Receive Information Send Information

28. 1. Resting Potential  Inside of cell has negative charge (~70mV)  Potassium (K) on inside; Sodium (Na) on outside  Cell is ready to jump into action!

30. 2. Na+ Doors Open  Na+ channels open; Na+ ions from the outside enter the cell  Cell becomes more positive; will it reach the action threshold?!?

32. 3. Depolarization  As Na+ is coming in, K+ doors open up; K+ ions from the inside leave the cell  Cell’s charge begins to level out (becoming more positive)

34. 4. Action Potential Climax  Na+ channels close; no more Na+ ions can enter cell  Note: K+ ions are still leaving; what is that going to do to the electrical charge of the cell?

36. 5. Repolarization  K+ ions continue to leave the cell  Cell is returning to a “resting level” stage

38. 6. Hyperpolarization  K+ doors finally close; more K+ outside than Na+ inside  Result: Cell body is too negative; cell adjusts to reach resting potential once more.

40. Back to resting potential  The system is ready to go again!

42. Page #4 in notebook

43. Does the process of action potential send messages to other neurons? If so, how? If not, what does it do then?

44.  What are the parts of the neuron? What does each part do?  Action potential is getting messages from one end of neuron to the other

45.  Like a wave: Electrical charge of cell goes up and down  That up and down of charge pushes the message down axon

46.  Now that the information is at the axon, it needs to be sent to another neuron Synapse:  The Junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron

47.  Each row will have 1 dendrite, 1 axon terminal; everyone else is in the axon  Goal: to send down the most messages down the neuron  Dendrite receives message from Mr. D  Axon show the processes in the action potential  Axon terminal shoots message into bin

48. Page #5 of notebook Yesterday we showed how synapse worked and how sometimes synapse is blocked. Using that information, how does Tylenol work with neurons?

49. http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/10/31/242158325/a-new-look-at-an- old-epilepsy-drug-yields-treatment-clue

50.  Messages travel through the nervous system; this system is created by neurons  In the neuron: dendrites listen, axon terminals talk  Action Potential = message travels from dendrite to axon (SAME NEURON)  Synapse = messages travels from one neuron to the other (OTHER NEURON)

51.  Four Lobes  Frontal  Parietal (Par-riot-al)  Occipital (Awk-sip-it-al)  Temporal  Each lobe has a specific function; neuron sends different messages to each

52.  Color Brain before cutting  Frontal: Blue  Parietal: Green  Occipital: Orange  Temporal: Pink  Page 3: Brown  BE CAREFUL HOW YOU CUT; YOU DON’T WANT TO RUIN YOUR BRAIN!

53. Page #5 of notebook (continued) Finish this sentence: “The brain is like a _______.” Tell me why compared the brain in that way. Be creative.

54. Side 1:  What lobe do you have?  What does that lobe control?  Where in the brain is it located? Side 2:  Specifics about your case study OR  What is going on in the disease?

55. Page #5 of notebook (continued) What are the four lobes and their functions?

56. Functions  Hearing  Understanding Language  Memory

57. Functions  Perceives visual information  Sight, sights, and more sight  Color blindness would start here

58. Functions:  Received messages from senses  Self-location  Self-Orientation  Sensory cortex

59. Functions:  Consciousness and Personality  Controls mood and emotional responses  Judgments we make throughout day  LAST PART OF BRAIN TO DEVELOP

60. Phineas Gage  Railroad rod went through his face, damaging frontal lobe  Before: Soft-spoken  After: Irritable, profane, and dishonest

61.  PART OF FRONTAL LOBE Motor Cortex  Area that controls voluntary movements  Electrical stimulus causes body to move

62. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTPW u0ag2uo

63. Sensory Cortex  Area in front of the parietal lobe that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations  Places that are more sensitive (lips) are have a larger area on Sensory Cortex

65. Page #5 of notebook (continued) Write the following sentence WITH YOUR LEAST DOMINANT HAND: “The lazy dog jumped over the quick brown fox.”

66. Recap:  What does the motor cortex do?  What does the sensory cortex do?  What do you think would happen to both cortexes after an injury to a limb?

67. Plasticity:  The brain’s ability to modify itself after damage http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Va DlLD97CLM

68.  Which characteristics define the left hemisphere? Which characteristics define the right hemisphere?  What jobs would work best for a left-brained person? What jobs would work best for a right?