1. Ion Chromatography HCO 3 - /CO 3 2- Eluent Eluant 0.0028M NaHCO 3 0.0022M Na CO 23 ~2 ml/min flow Pump 500 - 5,000 psi 1,000 nominal Check for air bubbles Sample Loop Sample in Syringe or from Autosampler Waste 50 ul Inject Valve Sample Guard Column Separator Column RNR 3 + HCO 3 - + Cl - RNR 3 + Cl - HCO 3 - + 2RNR 3 + CO 3 = + SO 4 = 2RNR 3 + CO 3 = + SO 4 = 4 = Cl - NO 3 - "R" = latex resin particle Conductivity Detector + - Na + HCO 3 - + - Cation Exchange Membrane H + Na + H CO 2 3 Anode Cathode - H O 2 + O 2 + 2 OH - H 2 - - Computer/Integrator Self Regenerating Anion Suppressor time Chromatogram Cl - F - SO 4 = NO 3 - water dip Conductivity (uS) PO 4 3- PO 4 3- - -

2. Degas Eluant Quaternary Pump 500 - 5,000 psi 1,650 psi nominal Sample Loop Sample in Syringe or from Autosampler Waste 100  l Inject Valve Sample Guard Column Separator Column RNR 3 + OH - + Cl - RNR 3 + Cl - OH - + 2RNR 3 + 2(OH - ) + SO 4 2- 2RNR 3 + + SO 4 2- Cl - NO 3 - "R" = latex resin particle Conductivity Detector + - Na + OH - + - Cation Exchange Membrane H+H+ Na + H2OH2O Anode Cathode - + + OH - - - Computer/Integrator Self Regenerating Anion Suppressor time Chromatogram Cl - F-F- SO 4 2- NO 3 - Conductivity (  S) PO 4 3- - - Ion Chromatography OH - Eluent 40 mM NaOH Degas Eluant DI Water SO 4 2- 2OH - H2OH2O H2OH2O O2O2 H2H2 PO 4 3- CO 3 2-

3. Eluent He Gas To Pump Pump Mode He Gas To Pump Degas Mode Eluent

5. Conductivity Detector + - Na + OH - + - Cation Exchange Membrane H+H+ Na + H2OH2O Anode Cathode - + + OH - - - H2OH2O H2OH2O O2O2 H2H2 - - NO 3 - H+H+ ~ pH 10 ~ pH 3

6. Latex Bead OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + OSO 3 - +H3N+H3N NH 3 + SO 4 2- OH - Cl - OH -

7. time Suppressed IC Conductivity (  S) time Non-Suppressed IC Conductivity (  S)