1. Chapter 40
Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cancer Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery

2. Cancer
When cells divide and reproduce abnormally and have the potential to spread throughout the body, crowding out normal cells and tissues
One third of the cancer deaths in the United States each year can be attributed to nutrition and other lifestyle factors.

3. Cancer—Cause
Algorithm content developed by John Anderson, PhD, and Sanford C. Garner, PhD, 2000.

4. Cancer—Pathophysiology
Algorithm content developed by John Anderson, PhD, and Sanford C. Garner, PhD, 2000.

5. Cancer—Medical and Nutritional Management
Algorithm content developed by John Anderson, PhD, and Sanford C. Garner, PhD, 2000.

6. Prevention Factors Energy balance and exercise Fat Protein Fiber
Fruits and vegetables
Chemoprevention

7. Prevention Factors—cont’d
Alcohol
Coffee and tea
Artificial sweeteners
Nitrates, nitrites, and nitrosamines
Method of food preparation

8. Fruits and Vegetables
Appear to have a protective effect against cancer
Thought to be due to the phytoestrogen and phytochemical content of the plant- based diet

9. Fat
Research, although controversial, has shown evidence that high-fat diets are linked to an increased risk of cancer of the breast, colon, lung, and prostate

10. American Cancer Society’s Dietary Recommendations for Cancer Prevention
1. Eat a variety of healthful foods, with an emphasis on plant sources.
2. Adopt a physically active lifestyle.
3. Achieve and maintain a healthy body weight throughout life.
4. Limit consumption of alcoholic beverages.

11. Metabolic agents and cytokine blockers Prokinetic drugs
Pharmacological Agents for Anorexia-Cachexia Syndrome and Weight Loss Management
Appetite stimulants
Metabolic agents and cytokine blockers
Prokinetic drugs
Anabolic agents

12. Factors That Affect Appetite
Reference: American Institute for Cancer Research: Food, nutrition, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective, Washington, DC, 1997, AICR.

13. Nutritional Implications of Cancer Therapy
Chemotherapy
—Taste abnormalities, diarrhea, constipation
Radiation therapy
—Fatigue, loss of appetite, skin changes
Surgery
—Fatigue, pain, loss of appetite
Immunotherapy
—Flulike symptoms, decreased food intake

14. Nutritional Implications of Cancer Therapy—cont’d
Bone marrow transplant
—Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mucositis, xerostomia, dysgeusia
Severe oral muscositis
Graft versus host disease (GVHD)
Veno-occlusive disease (VOD)

15. Marrow Transplantation—Cause
Algorithm content developed by John Anderson, PhD, and Sanford C. Garner, PhD, 2000.

16. Marrow Transplantation—Pathophysiology
Algorithm content developed by John Anderson, PhD, and Sanford C. Garner, PhD, 2000.

17. Marrow Transplantation— Medical and Nutritional Management
Algorithm content developed by John Anderson, PhD, and Sanford C. Garner, PhD, 2000.

18. Severe Oral Mucositis Following Marrow Transplantation

19. Guidelines for Oral Feeding During Antitumor Therapy

20. Guidelines for Oral Feeding During Antitumor Therapy —cont’d

21. Commonly Used Complementary and Alternative Therapies
Macrobiotic diet
Vegetarian diet
Gerson therapy
Kelley/Gonzales regimen
Juice therapies
Shark cartilage
DHEA
Enzymes
Oxymedicine
Coenzyme Q10

22. Commonly Used Complementary and Alternative Therapies—cont’d
Black cohosh
Echinacea
Flaxseed
Ginger
Iscador
Milk thistle
PC-SPECS
Saw palmetto
Soy and soy foods
Teas

23. Nutrition in the Etiology of Cancer
Epidemiologic research has evaluated the role of diet in the etiology of cancer in different population groups.
Diets contain inhibitors and enhancers of carcinogenesis.
Laboratory studies have served as models to test the effect of food and nutrition on cancer development.