1. Skeletal System
Bone formation: bones start as cartilage and slowly it is replaced by bone

2. Structures:
bone
tendons
ligaments
cartilage

3. Functions:
1. Gives Shape and support to the body
2. Protect your internal organs
3. Major muscles attach to bones to help you move
4. Blood cells are formed in the bone. (The tissue called marrow)
5. Store calcium and phosphorous compounds (calcium and phosphorous compounds make bones hard)

4. Bone Major organs of the skeletal system
Adult skeleton composed of 206 bones
Store minerals
In certain bones, bone marrow produces blood cells
Picture: Ulna and radius bones in the forearm

5. Structure of Bones

6. Periosteum :
thin tough layer that covers all the bones, except the part of the bone that is in the joint. Blood vessels in the pariosteum carry the nutrients to the bone and cell that repair and cause growth are here.

7. Compact bone:
right under the periostreum this layer is the hard strong part. This layer gives bones strength contains deposits of calcium phosphate.

8. Spongy Bone:
is locate at the end of the long bones like those in your arms and legs. This part of the bone has lots of open spaces which keeps the bones light weight.

9. Cavities:
are the center of the long bones and contain the marrow
Marrow:
some marrow is red some yellow. Red marrow produced red blood (2 to 3 million per second) cells, yellow marrow is made up of fat.

10. Connective Tissue Ligament Tendon Connects bone to bone
Connects skeletal muscle to bone
Skeletal muscle
Picture (Left): Ligament in the ankle
Picture (Right): Achilles Tendon
Tendon
Bone

11. Cartilage: soft and flexible tissue that provides padding in between bones.

12. Ligament
Connect Bone to Bone

13. Tendon
Connect Muscle to Bone

14. Joints Of the Human Body
Any place where two or more bones come together .
Some joints move and others do not.

15. Types of Joints Immovable Moveable Skull Pelvis Pivot Ball & socket
Hinge
Gliding

16. Immovable Joint
No movement takes place at these type of joints

17. Ball and Socket Joint
Bone with a rounded end that fits into a cuplike cavity on another bone

18. Gliding Joint
One part of a bone slides over another bone

19. Pivot Joint
One bone rotates in a ring of another bone that does not move.

20. Hinge Joint
Back-and-forth movement like hinges on a door

21. Muscular System 600 Muscles21

22. Types of Muscle Movement
Involuntary- Automatically move without you knowing.
Voluntary- You control the movements. 22

23. Types of Muscles
Smooth Muscles- Which include the muscles of internal organs and blood vessels. These muscles move involuntary.
Cardiac Muscle- Found only in the heart and also involuntary.
Skeletal Muscles- Are voluntary and help you move. 23

24. Smooth Muscle Digestive organs Makes up 7-8% of your muscles
Involuntary

25. Cardiac Muscles Only found in the heart. Involuntary.
Makes up 3% of your muscles.
By age 70 heart contracts 2.5 billion times (assume resting heart beat).

26. Skeletal Muscles Makes up 90% of your muscles.
Voluntary- These are the muscles that you can move.

27. Types of Injuries
Strain- Muscle “pull” or “strain” - Tearing a muscle fiber(s), followed by bleeding or swelling of muscle
Muscle Cramp - Prolonged contraction of muscle

28. Muscles and Movement Muscles can only contract & relax.
Muscle fibers line up and pull the tendon attached to the bone to cause movement.

29. Muscle Pairs
Muscle fibers line up and pull the tendon attached to the bone to cause movement.
Your muscles work in teams to move your body. As one group of muscles is contracting another group is relaxing An example of this is your Bicep and Tricep.

32. Summary
Explain how the Nervous System, Skeletal System and Muscular System all work together to create movement.

33. Systems Working Together
Our brain sends a message (NS)
The message travels down your spinal cord (NS)
The motor neuron fires a message (MS)
The muscle contracts (MS)
The muscle shortens pulling on the tendon (MS and SS)
The bone connected to the tendon moves (SS)