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Warm-up 5/16: Name four parts of the digestive system and state their function. Notes: Lymphatic System, Blood & Non-Specific Immune pp 940-942
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Function: carries fluids that collect in tissues to blood stream
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Structures a. the fluid that moves through the lymphatic vessels lymph b. fluid moves by muscle contractions c. nodes filter microorganisms, tissue, and foreign junk d. lymphocytes: specialized white blood cells that fight disease
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transports nutrients, O 2, CO 2, & waste defends the body against disease
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plasma: liquid medium red blood cells (erythrocytes): transport CO 2 and O 2 white blood cells (leukocytes): defend against disease platelets: form blood clots
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made of 90% water, sugar, salts, amino acids, vitamins, minerals yellow in color
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most common in the blood made in red bone marrow made of iron-containing hemoglobin lack of nucleus leaves space to transport materials
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form in red bone marrow but mature in the lymph nodes many types of white blood cells
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partial cells formed in bone marrow release chemicals to attract a protein called fibrin to make clots
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PP. 957-960
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Fights pathogens to prevent infections and disease Works with the lymphatic system (collects fluid and returns it to the blood)
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Bone marrow: produces blood cells Lymphocytes: white blood cells (wbc) Lymph nodes: stores wbc Thymus: matures wbc Spleen: contains wbc that clean out pathogens as blood filters through
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pathogens: cause disease 1. viruses: protein shell containing DNA or RNA 2. bacteria 3. Fungi (spores) 4. Parasites 5. Toxins (snake bites etc) 6. allergens: cause allergies
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Study page 957
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Protects body against any pathogen, regardless of the pathogen’s identity.
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Skin: block entry mucous membranes: trap pathogens and move them out of the body stomach acids: destroys pathogens
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Inflammatory response 1. Injured cells release a chemical signal called histamine to increase blood flow to area 2. platelets cause clotting trapping pathogens 3. Area swells, becomes warm, and macrophages/phagocyte (wbc) move in and engulf bacteria
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interferons: enzymes that stop virus protein production fever: slow growth of bacteria or increase activity of wbc
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Non-specific Immune Poster Exam: Human Bio #2 Friday May 23, 2014 Intervention Wednesday 5/21 & Thursday 5/22 from 2:45pm to 3:30 pm.
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PP. 961-966
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lymphatic system spleen lymphocytes 1. B-cells: wbc that mature in bone marrow 2. T-cells: wbc that mature in thymus
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wbc have receptors to the antigens (pieces of a pathogen) that cause an immune response
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2-part attack: cell mediated and humoral Starts with an initial response Cell-mediated: Killer T-Cell production Humoral: B-Cell production Initial response Humoral B-Cell production Cell-mediated T-Cell production
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macrophage engulfs pathogen and puts antigens on its surface Helper T-cell binds to antigen
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Macrophage releases a chemical (INK-1) which causes the Helper T-cell to release INK-2
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Initial response Humoral B-Cell production Cell-mediated T-Cell production INK-2
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INK 2 stimulates the production of more Helper T Cells and production of Cytotoxic T Cells Cytotoxic T Cell (killer T cell): punctures and kills infected body cells.
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Initial response Humoral B-Cell production Cell-mediated T-Cell production
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IN-2 causes B-cells to divide Most B-cells change to plasma cells plasma cells produce and secrete antibodies Y-shaped protein that deactivates viruses, and clumps them making it easier for macrophages to engulf and destroy them
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Some B-cells become memory cells (Body’s long term defense system) When exposed to a pathogen a 2 nd time memory cells immediately recognize and destroy it before it causes illness.
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Study Guide Due Tuesday Tracing Pathway of immune Response due Wednesday
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