2. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education1 Cosmetology Circulatory System

3. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 2 Performance Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the student will be able to describe the components of the circulatory system and their functions, to the satisfaction of the instructor.

4. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 3 Specific Objectives Describe the key function of the circulatory system. Describe the two divisions of the circulatory system and their functions. Describe the anatomy of the heart. Explain how blood pumps through the heart. Define and contrast pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. Explain the function and anatomy of blood vessels.

5. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 4 Specific Objectives (2) Describe the characteristics and composition of blood. List the primary functions of blood. Identify the primary functions of the lymph vascular system. Match the key arteries of the head, face, and neck to where they supply blood. Name the two principal veins in the neck. Describe how blood is supplied to the arm and hand.

6. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 5 Key Function of the Circulatory System Also referred to as the cardiovascular or vascular system Controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels

7. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 6 Two Divisions of the Circulatory System 1. Blood vascular system Consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries Distributes blood throughout the body

8. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 7 Two Divisions of the Circulatory System (2) 2. Lymph vascular system or lymphatic system Consists of the lymph, lymphatics (lymph vessels), lymph nodes, and other structures Acts as an aid to the blood system Lymph is derived from blood and carries waste and impurities away from the cells

9. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 8 Anatomy of the Heart Referred to as the body’s pump A muscular cone-shaped organ that keeps the blood flowing in the circulatory system Approximate size of a closed fist, and weighs approximately 9 ounces Average resting heartbeat is 72-80 beats per minute

10. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 9 Anatomy of the Heart (2) Pericardium - a membrane that encloses the heart Vagus - 10 th cranial nerve; helps regulate the heartbeat Autonomic nervous system - helps regulate the heartbeat with the vagus

11. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 10 Chambers and Valves of the Interior Heart Right and left atrium - the upper, thin-walled chambers Right and left ventricle - the lower, thick-walled chambers Valves - between the chambers, allow the blood to flow in only one direction

12. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 11 How Blood Pumps Through the Heart

13. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 12 How Blood Pumps Through the Heart (2) Blood flows from the body into the right atrium Blood flows from the right atrium through the tricuspid value into the right ventricle. Blood is dark red (bluish) and low in oxygen. Right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs, where it becomes oxygen rich and becomes bright red

14. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 13 How Blood Pumps Through the Heart (3) Oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart, entering in the left atrium Blood flows from left atrium through the mitral valve into the left ventricle Blood leaves the left ventricle and travels through arteries which gradually divide into the capillaries

15. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 14 How Blood Pumps Through the Heart (4) In the capillaries, food and oxygen are released to the body cells, and carbon dioxide and other waste products are returned to the bloodstream The blood travels in veins back to the right side of the heart The process begins again

16. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 15 Pulmonary Circulation and Systemic Circulation Pulmonary circulation - sends the blood from the heart to the lungs to be purified Systemic circulation - carries the blood from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart Also called general circulation

17. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 16 Anatomy of Blood Vessels Tube-like structures that include the arteries, capillaries, and veins Arteries - thick-walled, muscular, flexible tubes Largest artery in the body is the aorta Capillaries - minute, thin-walled blood vessels Veins - Thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries and closer to the outer skin surface of the body than arteries

18. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 17 Functions of Blood Vessels Blood vessels transport blood to and from the heart, and then on to various tissues of the body Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the capillaries Capillaries connect smaller arteries to the veins and bring nutrients to the cells and carry away waste materials Veins contain cuplike valves that prevent backflow and carry blood containing waste products from various capillaries back to heart

19. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 18 Characteristics of Blood Approximately 8-10 pints of blood in the body Approximately 80 percent water Sticky and salty Normal temperature is 98.6  Bright red in the arteries (except pulmonary artery) Dark red in the veins

20. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 19 Composition of Blood Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Plasma

21. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 20 Red Blood Cells Also called red corpuscles Produced in the red bone marrow Contain hemoglobin - a complex iron protein that gives the blood its bright red color Carry oxygen to the body cells

22. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 21 White Blood Cells Also called white corpuscles Destroy disease-causing germs

23. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 22 Platelets Also called thrombocytes Smaller than blood cells Contribute to blood-clotting process, to stop bleeding

24. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 23 Plasma Fluid part of the blood where the red and white blood cells and platelets flow 90 percent water Contains proteins, sugars, and oxygen Carries food and secretions to the cells and takes carbon dioxide away from the cells

25. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 24 Primary Functions of Blood Carries water, oxygen, food, and secretions to all body cells Carries away carbon dioxide and waste products to be eliminated through the lungs, skin, kidneys, and large intestines Helps equalize the body’s temperature, protecting the body from extreme cold and heat Protects the body from harmful bacteria and infections with white blood cells Prevents blood loss by forming blood clots on injured blood vessels

26. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 25 Primary Functions of the Lymph Vascular System Acts as an aid to the blood system Carries nourishment from the blood to the body cells Acts as a defense from invading bacteria and toxins Removes waste material from the body cells to the blood Provides a suitable fluid environment for the cells

27. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 26 Key Arteries of the Head, Face, and Neck Common carotid arteries - main source of blood supply to the head, face, and neck Internal carotid artery - supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose, and internal ear External carotid artery - supplies blood to the front parts of the scalp, ear, face, neck, and side of the head

28. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 27 Supraorbital artery – supplies blood to upper eyelid and forehead Infraorbital artery - supplies blood to muscles of the eyes Branches of the Internal Carotid Artery

29. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 28 Facial artery – supplies blood to lower region of the face, mouth, and nose Submental artery – supplies blood to chin and lower lip Inferior labial artery - supplies blood to lower lip Angular artery - supplies blood to side of the nose Superior labial artery - supplies blood to upper lip and region of the nose Branches of the External Carotid Artery

30. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 29 Branches of the External Carotid Artery (2) Superficial temporal artery – supplies blood to muscles of the front, side and top of the head Frontal artery – supplies blood to forehead and upper eyelids Parietal artery - supplies blood to side and crown of head Transverse facial artery - supplies blood to front part of the ear

31. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 30 Branches of the External Carotid Artery (3) Occipital artery – supplies blood to skin and muscles of the scalp and back of the head up to the crown Posterior auricular artery - supplies blood to scalp, the area behind and above the ear, and the skin behind the ear

32. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 31 Principal Veins in the Neck Blood returning to the heart from the head, face, and neck flow on each side of the neck through two principal veins: Internal jugular External jugular

33. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 32 Blood Supply to the Arm and Hand Ulnar artery - supplies blood to the little finger side of the arm and palm of the hand Radial artery - supplies blood to the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand.

34. ©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 33 Summary If you are involved in massage or manipulations involving the face, hands, arms, shoulders, neck, and feet, your work will be more effective as you understand the body’s circulatory system