1. The Rise of Fascism & Nazism
Mussolini in Italy
&
Hitler in Germany

2. Standard
Analyze the rise, aggression, and human costs of totalitarian regimes (Fascist and Communist) in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union, noting especially their common and dissimilar traits.

3. After World War I, people everywhere questioned old ideas about religion, leadership, and even science.
Albert Einstein develops the Theory of Relativity which upsets scientific beliefs held since Isaac Newton.
Men like Sigmund Freud developed new ideas about what motivated people.

4. new ideas and science changed ideas about the world
1. A Culture in Conflict
new ideas and science changed ideas about the world
atomic theory
theory of relativity
psychoanalysis

6. new ideas and science changed ideas about the world
1. A Culture in Conflict
new ideas and science changed ideas about the world
atomic theory
theory of relativity
psychoanalysis
B. new literature and the arts lead to a sense of uncertainty

7. After women won the right to vote in Russia, western nations that claimed to be democratic finally were forced to give women the vote.

8. new ideas and science changed ideas about the world
1. A Culture in Conflict
new ideas and science changed ideas about the world
atomic theory
theory of relativity
psychoanalysis
B. new trends in literature and the arts contributed to a sense of uncertainty
C. women made progress in education and politics but still lagged behind men in career opportunities and pay

9. International Relations

10. The War to End All Wars ended on November 11, 1918
Europe was left to wonder what had happened…
Over 65 million men were mobilized…
There were 37,500,000 casualties…
Over 21 million men returned injured
Over 8,500,000 men died
The war cost over $31,000,000,000
someone had to pay…the question was who…

11. NEVER AGAIN Nihilism Atheism Suicide Distrust of government Anger
Despair
Suicide
Distrust of government
NEVER AGAIN
Hopelessness
Frustration
Anger
Nihilism
Leadership failure
Futility

12. 2. The Western Democracies
A. after World War I diplomats worked hard to make:
i. treaties that ended war

13. The League of Nations
After World War I, President Woodrow Wilson proposed the 14 Points for peace.
One of Wilson’s ideas was to create a League of Nations.
The League excluded Germany and Russia.
Most importantly, Americans did not seem sure that the League was a good idea.
The U.S. Senate decided to reject Wilson’s plans for the League.
The USA never joined…

14. 2. The Western Democracies
A. after World War I diplomats worked hard to make:
i. treaties that ended war
ii. cooperation in the League of Nations

16. 2. The Western Democracies
A. after World War I diplomats worked hard to make:
i. treaties that ended war
ii. cooperation in the League of Nations
B. leading democratic powers faced difficult political and economic challenges at home and abroad

17. 2. The Western Democracies
A. after World War I diplomats worked hard to make:
i. treaties that ended war
ii. cooperation in the League of Nations
B. leading democratic powers faced difficult political and economic challenges at home and abroad
C. the Great Depression created financial turmoil and widespread suffering throughout the industrialized world

18. Rise of Fascist Italy preached extreme nationalism
nations must struggle – peaceful nations were doomed
no clearly defined program for improvement
citizens lose individual rights
state is supreme
Italians were furious that they were not given more land after World War I.
They also feared a Communist Revolution like Russia.
Many were attracted to the idea of a strong leader.

19. 3. Fascism in Italy
A. Benito Mussolini and his Fascist Party took advantage of political and economic unrest to seize power in the 1920s.

20. 3.Fascism in Italy
A. Benito Mussolini and his Fascist Party took advantage of political and economic unrest to seize power in the 1920s.
B. Fascism was rooted in extreme nationalism and glorified action, violence, discipline, and loyalty to the state.
C. As Il Duce, Mussolini established the first totalitarian state which served as a model for others.

21. Rise of Adolf Hitler

22. 4. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany
A. Weimer Republic weakened by disunity and inflation. Many blamed the government for the hated treaty of Versailles

23. 4. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany
A. Weimer Republic weakened by disunity and inflation. Many blamed the government for the hated treaty of Versailles
B. Hitler appealed to extreme nationalism, anti-Semitism, anti-communism, and resentment of the Treaty of Versailles

24. Hitler’s Rise to Dictator
in 1933 Hitler became Chancellor of Germany (Weimer Republic)
he did not have a majority
he called for new elections
six days before the elections, the Nazis burned down the Reichstag and blamed Communists
Hitler won a small majority and declared a one-party state

25. 4. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany
A. Weimer Republic weakened by disunity and inflation. Many blamed the government for the hated treaty of Versailles
B. Hitler appealed to extreme nationalism, anti-Semitism, anti-communism, and resentment of the Treaty of Versailles
C. Hitler and the Nazis used terror, repression, and one party rule to create a totalitarian society

26. 4. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany
A. Weimer Republic weakened by disunity and inflation. Many blamed the government for the hated treaty of Versailles
B. Hitler appealed to extreme nationalism, anti-Semitism, anti-communism, and resentment of the Treaty of Versailles
C. Hitler and the Nazis used terror, repression, and one party rule to create a totalitarian society
D. Economic problems and ethnic tensions in Eastern Europe helped fascist dictators gain power there